Sources

Data presented in this Epidemiological Fact Sheet come from several different sources, including global, regional and country reports, published documents and articles, posters and presentations at international conferences, and estimates produced by UNAIDS, WHO and other United Nations Agencies. This section contains a list of the more relevant sources used for the preparation of the Fact Sheet. Where available, it also lists selected national Web sites where additional information on HIV/AIDS and STI are presented and regularly updated. However, UNAIDS and WHO do not warrant that the information in these sites is complete and correct and shall not be liable whatsoever for any damages incurred as a result of their use.

European HIV Prevalence Database. European Centre for the Epidemiological monitoring of AIDS, December 1996 update, St. Maurice, France.

European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe, Quarterly Report 1996, 52.

European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe, Quarterly Report 1996, 49.

Cazein F, Hamers F, Brunet JB. HIV prevalence in pregnant women in European countries: differences in study methods and prevalence levels. (submitted)

Ippolito G, Costa F, Stegagno M, Angeloni P, Angeloni U, Guzzanti E. Blind serosurvey of HIV antibodies in newborns in 92 Italian hospitals: a method for monitoring the infection rate in women at time of delivery. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1991, 4:402-

Stegagno M. Italian serosurvey of HIV infection in parturients. VI int conf on AIDS, San Francisco 1990, Abs N5.

Stegagno M, Ippolito G, Costa F, Aebischer ML, Guzzanti E. Anti-HIV 1 antibodies prevalence in parturients through newborn testing: results of the Italian anonymous serosurvey. The Italian Collaborative Study Group of HIV prevalence in newborns. Eur J E

Ippolito G, Girardi E, Rava Lucilla et al. Trend of HIV infection in newborns in Italy: 1990-1994. The Italian Collaborative Study Group of HIV prevalence in newborns. XI Intl Conf AIDS. Vancouver, 1996. Abstract Tu.C. 2607.

Ippolito G. Stegagno M. Girardi E. Costa F. Rava L. Aebischer ML. Guzzanti E. Temporal and geographical trends of anti-HIV-1 antibodies screening among newborns in Italy, 1990-1993. Italian Collaborative Study Group for HIV Prevalence in Newborns.

Rezza G, De Rose A, Dorrucci M, Arpino C, Serafin I. Declining prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users entering drug treatment in Italy: 1990-1991. Eur J Epidemiol 1993; 9:663-6.

Nicolosi A, Leite ML, Molinari S, Musicco M, Saracco A, Lazzarin A. Incidence and prevalence trends of HIV infection in intravenous drug users attending treatment centers in Milan and Northern Italy, 1986-1990. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 1992; 5:365-373.

Rezza G, Alliegro-B, Pezzotti P et al. Declining trend in HIV prevalence among injecting drug users in Italy. Int. Conf. AIDS, 1994, Aug 7-12; 10(1):272 (abstract no. PC 0007)

Rezza G, Nicolosi A, Zaccarelli M et al. Understanding the dynamics of the HIV epidemic among Italian intravenous drug users: a cross-sectional versus a longitudinal approach. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994, 7:500-503.

Nicolosi A, Leite C et al. Incidence and prevalence trends of HIV infection among drug users in northern Italy, 1990-1994. XI int. Conf. On AIDS, 1996.

Romano N, Vitale F et al. The changing pattern of hunam immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. Results of a six-year seroprevalence study in Palermo, Italy. Am. J Epidemiol 1992; 135:1189-1196.

Davoli M, Perucci C et al. HIV risk-related behaviors among Injection drug users in Rome: differences between 1990 and 1992. Am.j of pub.hlth. 1995 (85):829-831

Francesschi S, Tirelli U et al. Risk factors for HIV infection in drug addicts from northeast of Italy. Int. J. Epidem. 1988 (17): 162-167

Zaccarelli M. Rezza G. Girardi E. Puro V. Pezzotti P. Lelli V. Narciso P. Monitoring HIV trends in injecting drug users: an Italian experience.

AIDS. 4(10):1007-10, 1990 Oct.

Giuliani M, Suligoi B increasing trend in hiv-1 prevalence among std heterosexual females - conf aids 1994 august 7-12 (n008)

Schinaia N, sorveglianza nazionale dello screening per la ricerca la transfusione del sangue 1991; 36(1):4-12

Valdarchi C aggiornamento dati screening per hiv-1 delle donazioni...il servizio transfusionale 1990;6:6-9.

Schinaia N, Valdarchi C, Bellocco R ET AL sorveglianza nationale dello screening per la ricerca la transfusione del sangue, 1991;36(1):13-22.

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