Low-external Input Rice Production (IIRR): Seeds/seedlings/transplanting: Common botanicals and other materials in rice seed protection during storage

DETACH

HIGHLIGHTING

Low-external Input Rice Production (IIRR)

Seeds/seedlings/transplanting

		(introduction...)
		Managing traditional cultivars for optimum outputs
		Producing rice seeds in a farmer's field
		Determination of rice seed quality
		Rice seed dormancy
		Rice seed collection and handling
		Common botanicals and other materials in rice seed protection during storage
		On-farm grain storage
		Clonal propagation: a method of seed multiplication
		Raising seedlings by the wetbed method
		The dapog method of raising rice seedlings
		Line markers for rice transplanting
		Straight-row planting using the square and triple-row spacing
		A manually operated rice transplanter
		A drum seeder for direct seeding
		Inoculating rice seedlings with Azospirillum

Common botanicals and other materials in rice seed protection during storage

Botanicals have been used for centuries in rice storage in Asia. This information sheet focuses on the use of plants or its products in the protection of rice seed. Some of the ideas require further testing and development while others have long been tested by rice farmers.

I. Materials Verified Effective as Rice Seed Protectants

Scientific Name	Common Name	Preparation
1. Azadirachta indica	Neem (margosa)	Mix 10-20 9 powdered neem seed per kg seed
2. Acorus calamus	Sweet flag (lubi-lubi)	Mix 10-20 g powdered rhizome per kg seed
3. Mentha spicata	Spearmint	Mix 5-20 9 powdered leaves per kg seed
4. Capsicum frutescens	Red pepper (siring labuyo)	Mix 10-20 9 chillies, per kg seed
5. Curcuma longa	Turmeric (luyang dilaw)	Mix 20 9 powdered rhizome per kg seed
6. Piper nigrum	Black pepper(paminta)	Mix 5 9 powdered leaves per kg seed

Other Materials:

1. Wood ash or paddy husk ash	Mix 10-40 9 per kg seed
2. Lime	Mix 10 9 per kg seed
3. Fine sand	Mix 0.5 9 per kg seed

Preparation of Powdered Plants:

Sundry the plant parts (fruit seed, rhizome or leaves) thoroughly. For rhizomes, faster drying can be done if chopped into smaller pieces. Cut the plant parts into finer pieces after sundrying. Grind into powder using a grinder or mortar and pestle. If the powder is not used immediately, store in tightly sealed jars.

II. The following botanicals have been reported effective against cereal pests that could also infest rice seeds. However, there have been no direct reports on actual rice seed storage. You may try them and inform us of your results.

Scientific Name	Common Name	Preparation	Reported Effect on Insect
Acacia concinna	Soap nut	powdered seed	antifeedant
Angelica glauca	Angelica genus	powdered roots	repellent
Annona squamosa	Sugar apple, atis	powdered seeds	anti-insect*
Aphananixis polystachya	Pithraj	dried leaves	anti-insect*
Artemisia maritime	Wormseed	powdered leaves	repellent
Atlantia monophylla		dried stem and leaves	repellent
Atropa acuminata	Indian belladona	powdered rhizomes	repellent
Caesalpinia pucherrina	Peacock flower(caballero)	powdered flowers	insecticidal: contact poison
Calotropis gigantae	Crown plant	powdered flowers	insecticidal
Cassia absus	Four-leaf senna	dried and powdered leaves	anti-insect*
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium	Pyrethrum	dried and powdered flowers	insecticidal: contact poison
Clerodendron infortunatum	Bhant	dried leaves	anti-insect*
Datura stramonium	Jimson weed	dried and powdered leaves	repellent
Hyptis spicigera	Mint(suob-kabayo)	3 gm dried powdered leaves per kg seeds	repellent
Justicia adhatoda	Malabar nut tree	dried and powdered leaves	antifeedant
Lecothoe grayana	Fetterbush genus	dried leaves, aqueous extraction	anti-insect*
Luffa aegyptiaca	Sponged gourd	powdered leaves	anti-insect*
Mangifera indica	Mango	powdered leaves	repellent
Melia azedarach	China berry	1-2 parts powdered leaves per 100 parts seeds	anti-insect*
Nicotiana sp.	Tobacco	powdered leaves	insecticidal
Pachyrrhizus erosus	Ubas, sinkamas	5-10 parts powdered seeds per 100 parts stored seeds	insecticidal
Pongamia pinnate	Poonga oil tree	powdered leaves	antifeedant
Sapindus marginatus	Florida soap berry	powdered seeds	antifeedant
Scheichera oelasa	Kesambi	5-10 parts powdered seeds per 100 parts stored seeds	insecticidal
Sterculia foetida	Nitas(Calumpang, Bobog)	1-5 parts dried seeds per 100 parts stored seeds	insecticidal
Swartzia madagascariensis		powdered fruit	repellent
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fenugreek	leaves and seeds are mixed with seeds	repellent
Vitex negundo	Indian pivet(lagundi)	powdered leaves	insecticidal: contact poison
Xeromphis spinosa		powdered roots and fruits	repellent

REFERENCES:

Handbook of Plants with Pest Control Properties. M. Grainage and S. Ahmed. 1988. United States: John Wiley and Sons, INc.

Natural Crop Protection in the Tropics. Gaby Stoll. 1986. Germany: Margraf Publishers Scientific Books, 188 pp.

The Use of Plants and Minerals as Traditional Protectants of Stored Products. 1980. England: Products Institute, 32 pp.

* Anti-insect is the general effect and the specific action is not yet known.