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close this bookCounterfeit drugs (WHO/EDM, 1999, 61 p.)
View the document(introductory text...)
View the documentExecutive Summary
Open this folder and view contents1. Introduction
View the document2. Overview of the problem
View the document3. Impact on public health
View the document4. Factors facilitating counterfeiting
Open this folder and view contents5. Developing national strategies
Open this folder and view contents6. Specific measures
Open this folder and view contents7. Assessment of the problem at the national level
Open this folder and view contents8. Inspection when pharmaceutical products are suspected to be counterfeit, spurious or substandard
Open this folder and view contents9. Test methods
Open this folder and view contents10. Developing training programmes: inspection and examination of counterfeit pharmaceuticals
View the document11. Conclusion
View the documentReferences
View the documentSelected further reading
View the documentAcknowledgements
View the documentGlossary

Selected further reading

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, including Trade in Counterfeit Goods. Geneva, World Trade Organization, 1995.

Agreement of Preshipment Inspection. Geneva, World Trade Organization, 1995. Bulk pharmaceutical chemicals. London, Institute of Quality Assurance, 1992. (Pharmaceutical Quality Group Monograph).

Code of ethics. Pharmaceutical journal, 1992, 248: 545-556. Ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988.

FIP guidelines for drug procurement. The Hague, International Pharmaceutical Federation, 1992.

Gilbert JJ. Educational handbook for health personnel, 6th ed. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1987 (WHO Offset Publication No. 35).

Good manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical products. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-second report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992, Annex 1 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 823).

Good pharmacy practice in community and hospital pharmacy settings. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-fifth report Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999, Annex 7 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 885).

Guidelines on good distribution practice of medicinal products for human use. Official Journal of European Communities, 1994 (94/C/63/03).

Hayes P, Kayne S, Martin T, McMurdo A. Use of professional self audit in pharmacy practice. Pharmaceutical journal, 1992, 249: 650-652.

Kenyon AS, Layloff TP. Screening of pharmaceuticals by thin-layer chromatography. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995 (unpublished document PHARM/95.290).

National drug regulatory legislation: guiding principles for small drug regulatory authorities. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-fifth report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999, Annex 8 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 885).

Niebruegge LD, Juhl WE. Physical characterization of tablets and capsules. St Louis, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Drug Analysis, 1990 (FDA/ORA/Laboratory Information Bulletin 3566).

Pharmaceutical distribution. London, Institute of Quality Assurance, 1990 (Pharmaceutical Quality Group Monograph).

Provisional guidelines on the inspection of pharmaceutical manufacturers. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirty-second report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992, Annex 2 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 823).

Research and development of rapid examinations of fake drugs 1993-1994. International Affairs Division, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1996 (unpublished document PHARM/96.341).

Simple tests for drugs included in the WHO model list of essential drugs. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995 (unpublished document PHARM/95.583/rev. 1).

Simple thin-layer chromatographic identification of active ingredients in essential drugs. Aulendorf, German Pharma Health Fund, 1994.

Statutory Committee: professional conduct. Pharmaceutical journal, 1969, 203: 472.

Statutory Committee. Three names to be removed from register. Pharmaceutical journal, 1973, 210:212.

The role of the pharmacist in the health care system. Report of a WHO consultative group, New Delhi, India, 13-16 December 1988 and Report of a WHO Meeting, Tokyo, Japan, 31 August-3 September 1993. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1994 (unpublished document WHO/PHARM/94.569).

Training programme in drug analysis for counterfeit pharmaceuticals. In: WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations. Thirtieth report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1987, Annex 3 (WHO Technical Report Series No. 748).

Wingfield J. Misconduct and the pharmacist. Pharmaceutical journal, 1990, 245:531-533.