Causal phenomena

Basic conducive climatic conditions such as low or uncertain rainfall and higher temperatures as found in dryland areas.
Poor land use management practices particularly overcultivation, overgrazing, deforestation and poor irrigation practices.

General characteristics

Soil degradation by water erosion, wind erosion, soil compaction and waterlogging (salinization and alkalinization)
Degradation of vegetation initially by reduction in density of biomass and then by change of vegetation types to less productive forms.

Predictability

Global surveillance of drylands can be achieved through remote sensing and aerial surveys. As land use increases without measures to conserve soil and vegetation, desertification will likely increase. One estimate claims 202,000 square km are desertified each year.

Factors contributing to vulnerability

Low rainfall and high temperatures
Heavy land use
Deforested areas
Poor irrigation management
Lack of conservation measures
Poverty and lack of appropriate agricultural technologies

Typical adverse effects

Desertification contributes to other hazards by reducing the productivity of the land. These include drought and famine. Reduced productivity has socioeconomic impacts and may reduce standards of living.

Possible risk reduction measures

Establish community programs to meet needs and improve practices and institutions.
Increase monitoring of desertification
Develop policies for sustainable agricultural systems
Develop agricultural institutions and train personnel

Specific preparedness measures

Promote projects to improve agricultural and livestock production
Promote soil and water conservation

Impact assessment tools

Socioeconomic surveys are needed to ascertain needs of people and for agricultural development. Aerial and remote sensing surveys will help determine the rate and scope of desertification.