Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment in Developing Countries (United Nations University, 1999, 375 p.): 9. Emerging developments in EIA: 9.2 Cumulative effects assessment: 9.2.1 Concepts and principles relevant to CEA: 9.2.1.1 Model of causality

Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment in Developing Countries (United Nations University, 1999, 375 p.)

9. Emerging developments in EIA

9.2 Cumulative effects assessment

9.2.1 Concepts and principles relevant to CEA

		(introduction...)
		9.2.1.1 Model of causality
		9.2.1.2 Input-process-output model
		9.2.1.3 Temporal and spatial accumulation
		9.2.1.4 Control factors

9.2.1.1 Model of causality

A cause and effect relationship exists between the perturbation and the response of the system. This causal model is fundamental to a framework of cumulative environmental change. The nature of the cause and effect relationship is complex because of multiple causation, feedback mechanisms, and variable system response.