An Overview of Disaster Management (Department of Humanitarian Affairs/United Nations Disaster Relief Office - United Nations Development Programme , 1992, 136 p.): PART ONE: HAZARDS AND DISASTERS: Chapter 4. Natural hazards: Characteristics of particular hazards and disasters 1: Volcanoes

An Overview of Disaster Management (Department of Humanitarian Affairs/United Nations Disaster Relief Office - United Nations Development Programme , 1992, 136 p.)

(introduction...)

Foreword to the 2nd edition

Introduction to this training module

PART ONE: HAZARDS AND DISASTERS

(introduction...)

Chapter 1. Introduction to disasters

(introduction...)

The disaster problem

Causal factors of disasters

(introduction...)

Poverty

Population growth

Rapid urbanization

Transitions in cultural practices

Environmental degradation

Lack of awareness and information

War and civil strife

Chapter 2. Disaster terminology and phases

Disaster terms

Phases of a disaster

(introduction...)

Rapid onset disasters

Slow onset disasters

Chapter 3. Linking disasters and development 1

(introduction...)

Introduction

Disruption of development by disasters

How development may cause disasters

Development opportunities afforded by disasters

Chapter 4. Natural hazards

(introduction...)

Characteristics of particular hazards and disasters 1

(introduction...)

Earthquakes

Tsunamis

Volcanoes

Landslides

Tropical cyclones

Floods

Droughts

Environmental pollution

Deforestation

Desertification

Pest infestations

Epidemics

Chemical and industrial accidents

Chapter 5. Compound and complex disasters 1

(introduction...)

Socio/political forces

Displaced persons

The role of the UN in complex emergencies

Safety of relief teams in conflict zones

PART TWO: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

(introduction...)

Introduction

Chapter 6. The disaster management team, roles and resources

(introduction...)

The UN Disaster Management Team

Country Disaster Management Team

Tasks, roles and resources of the UN

Roles and resources of UNDP, UNDRO, and other UN agencies

Coordination: the resident coordinator and the UN-DMT

Chapter 7. Disaster preparedness

(introduction...)

Components of disaster preparedness

Preparedness for slow onset and sudden onset disasters

Preparedness within the United Nations 2

Checklist of basic information required by a UN-DMT 3

Chapter 8. Vulnerability and risk assessment 1

(introduction...)

Risk management

Risk probability

Acceptable levels of risk

Assessing risk and vulnerability

How is risk determined?

Vulnerability evaluation

Reducing vulnerability for displaced persons

PART THREE: DISASTER RESPONSE

(introduction...)

Chapter 9. Disaster response

(introduction...)

Aims of emergency and post-disaster assistance

(introduction...)

Warning

Evacuation/migration

Search and rescue

Post-disaster assessment

Emergency relief

Logistics and supply

Communication and information management

Survivor response and coping

Security

Emergency operations management

Rehabilitation and reconstruction

Chapter 10. Disaster assessment 1

(introduction...)

Objectives of assessment

The assessment process

Assessments for different disaster types

How assessment data is used

Chapter 11. UN response to disasters 1

(introduction...)

Principal elements and actions in response to a sudden disaster

Sitreps - exchanging information with UNDRO

Alert message and field sitreps

The importance of coordination and information

Chapter 12. Rehabilitation and reconstruction

(introduction...)

Priorities and opportunities in rehabilitation and reconstruction 1

Zenon hurricane: A case study 3

PART FOUR: DISASTER MITIGATION

(introduction...)

Chapter 13. Mitigation 1

(introduction...)

Targeting mitigation where it has most effect

Actions to reduce risk

The menu of mitigation actions

Classification of mitigation measures

Timing for mitigation

Chapter 14. UN assistance to disaster mitigation

(introduction...)

Disaster mitigation as a development theme

Appraising disaster mitigation needs, policies, and capacity

Sources of information: needs for technical expertise

Project identification and formulation

Disaster risk appraisal of all projects in hazardous areas

Disaster risk reduction planning checklist

(introduction...)

Disasters and Development (DAD) Project Review Form

Appendix - GA Resolution 46/182, Strengthening of the Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations

Volcanoes



Causal phenomena	Magma pushed upward through volcanic vent by pressure and effervescence of dissolved gases.

General characteristics	Types of volcanoes are cindercones, shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes and lava domes. Magma flowing out onto surface is lava and all solid particles ejected are tephra. Damage results from type of material ejected such as ash, pyroclastic flows (blasts of gas containing ash and fragments), mud, debris, and lava flows.

Predictability	Study of the geological history of volcanoes mainly located in a clearly defined volcanic belt, along with seismic activity and other observations, may indicate an impending volcano. No reliable indicator has been discovered and precursory signs do not always occur.

Factors contributing to vulnerability	Settlements on the flanks of volcanoes Settlements in the historical paths of mud or lava flows Structures with roof designs not resistant to ash accumulation Presence of combustible materials Lack of evacuation plan or warning systems

Typical adverse effects	Casualties and health - Death from pyroclastic flows, mud flows and possibly lava flows and toxic gases. Injuries from falling rock, bums; respiratory difficulties from gas and ash. Settlements, infrastructure and agriculture - Complete destruction of everything in the path of pyroclastic, mud or lava flows; collapse of structures under weight of wet ash, flooding, blockage of roads or communication systems Crops and food supplies - Destruction of crops in path of flows, ash may break tree branches, livestock may inhale toxic gas or ash; grazing lands may be contaminated.

Possible risk reduction measures	Land use planning for settlements around volcanoes Protective structural measures

Specific preparedness measures	National volcanic emergency plans Volcano monitoring and warning system Training for government officials and community participation in search and rescue, fire fighting

Typical post-disaster needs	Warning and evacuation; medical assistance, search and rescue; provide food, water and shelter; relocate victims; provide financial assistance

Impact assessment tools	Aerial and ground surveys to assess damage; evaluation of evacuation plan and emergency response