 | An Overview of Disaster Management (Department of Humanitarian Affairs/United Nations Disaster Relief Office - United Nations Development Programme , 1992, 136 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Foreword to the 2nd edition |
| | Introduction to this training module |
|  | PART ONE: HAZARDS AND DISASTERS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 1. Introduction to disasters |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The disaster problem |
| | Causal factors of disasters |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Poverty |
| | Population growth |
| | Rapid urbanization |
| | Transitions in cultural practices |
| | Environmental degradation |
| | Lack of awareness and information |
| | War and civil strife |
| | Chapter 2. Disaster terminology and phases |
| | Disaster terms |
| | Phases of a disaster |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Rapid onset disasters |
| | Slow onset disasters |
| | Chapter 3. Linking disasters and development 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Introduction |
| | Disruption of development by disasters |
| | How development may cause disasters |
| | Development opportunities afforded by disasters |
| | Chapter 4. Natural hazards |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Characteristics of particular hazards and disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Earthquakes |
| | Tsunamis |
| | Volcanoes |
| | Landslides |
| | Tropical cyclones |
| | Floods |
| | Droughts |
| | Environmental pollution |
| | Deforestation |
| | Desertification |
| | Pest infestations |
| | Epidemics |
| | Chemical and industrial accidents |
| | Chapter 5. Compound and complex disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Socio/political forces |
| | Displaced persons |
| | The role of the UN in complex emergencies |
| | Safety of relief teams in conflict zones |
| | PART TWO: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Introduction |
| | Chapter 6. The disaster management team, roles and resources |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The UN Disaster Management Team |
| | Country Disaster Management Team |
| | Tasks, roles and resources of the UN |
| | Roles and resources of UNDP, UNDRO, and other UN agencies |
| | Coordination: the resident coordinator and the UN-DMT |
| | Chapter 7. Disaster preparedness |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Components of disaster preparedness |
| | Preparedness for slow onset and sudden onset disasters |
| | Preparedness within the United Nations 2 |
| | Checklist of basic information required by a UN-DMT 3 |
| | Chapter 8. Vulnerability and risk assessment 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Risk management |
| | Risk probability |
| | Acceptable levels of risk |
| | Assessing risk and vulnerability |
| | How is risk determined? |
| | Vulnerability evaluation |
| | Reducing vulnerability for displaced persons |
| | PART THREE: DISASTER RESPONSE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 9. Disaster response |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Aims of emergency and post-disaster assistance |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Warning |
| | Evacuation/migration |
| | Search and rescue |
| | Post-disaster assessment |
| | Emergency relief |
| | Logistics and supply |
| | Communication and information management |
| | Survivor response and coping |
| | Security |
| | Emergency operations management |
| | Rehabilitation and reconstruction |
| | Chapter 10. Disaster assessment 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Objectives of assessment |
| | The assessment process |
| | Assessments for different disaster types |
| | How assessment data is used |
| | Chapter 11. UN response to disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Principal elements and actions in response to a sudden disaster |
| | Sitreps - exchanging information with UNDRO |
| | Alert message and field sitreps |
| | The importance of coordination and information |
| | Chapter 12. Rehabilitation and reconstruction |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Priorities and opportunities in rehabilitation and reconstruction 1 |
| | Zenon hurricane: A case study 3 |
| | PART FOUR: DISASTER MITIGATION |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 13. Mitigation 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Targeting mitigation where it has most effect |
| | Actions to reduce risk |
| | The menu of mitigation actions |
| | Classification of mitigation measures |
| | Timing for mitigation |
| | Chapter 14. UN assistance to disaster mitigation |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Disaster mitigation as a development theme |
| | Appraising disaster mitigation needs, policies, and capacity |
| | Sources of information: needs for technical expertise |
| | Project identification and formulation |
| | Disaster risk appraisal of all projects in hazardous areas |
| | Disaster risk reduction planning checklist |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Disasters and Development (DAD) Project Review Form |
| | Appendix - GA Resolution 46/182, Strengthening of the Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations |
Assessing risk and vulnerability
The estimation of probably future losses is a matter of increasing interest to those concerned with development planning in hazard-prone regions. Fundamental to disaster preparedness and mitigation planning is an understanding of what to expect. This needs to be quantified, if only in a crude and approximate way, in terms of the degree of risk faced, the size of event that is likely, and the consequences of an event if it occurs.
The calculation of risk generally needs to consider several types of loss. The most common parameter of loss, and the one most easily dealt with, is economic cost. Cost is widely used because many types of loss can be converted into economic cost. Effects which are considered in terms of economic costs are known as tangible losses. But there are a range of other effects resulting from disasters which are important but which cannot be converted into a monetary equivalent, and these are referred to as intangible losses.
A full consideration of risk would include a complete range of effects, both tangible and intangible, and of several qualitatively different types. The range of undesirable consequences of natural hazards what we might consider as loss parameters are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Loss parameters for risk analysis
| |
Losses | ||
|
Consequences |
Measure |
Tangible |
Intangible |
|
Deaths |
Number of people |
Loss of economically active individuals |
Social and psychological effects on remaining community |
|
Injuries |
Number and injury severity |
Medical treatment needs, temporary loss of economic activity by productive individuals |
Social and psychological. |
|
Physical damage |
Inventory of damaged elements, by number and damage level |
Replacement and repair cost |
Cultural losses |
|
Emergency operations |
Volume of manpower, man-days employed, equipment and resources expended for relief |
Mobilization costs, investment in preparedness capability |
Stress and overwork in relief participants |
|
Disruption to economy |
Number of working days lost, volume of production lost |
Value of lost production |
Opportunities, competitiveness, reputation |
|
Social disruption |
Number of displaced persons, homeless |
Temporary housing, relief, economic production |
Psychological, Social contacts, cohesion, community morale |
|
Environmental impact |
Scale and severity |
Clean-up costs, repair cost |
Consequences of poorer environment, health risks, risk of future disaster |
|
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