 | An Overview of Disaster Management (Department of Humanitarian Affairs/United Nations Disaster Relief Office - United Nations Development Programme , 1992, 136 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Foreword to the 2nd edition |
| | Introduction to this training module |
|  | PART ONE: HAZARDS AND DISASTERS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 1. Introduction to disasters |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The disaster problem |
| | Causal factors of disasters |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Poverty |
| | Population growth |
| | Rapid urbanization |
| | Transitions in cultural practices |
| | Environmental degradation |
| | Lack of awareness and information |
| | War and civil strife |
| | Chapter 2. Disaster terminology and phases |
| | Disaster terms |
| | Phases of a disaster |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Rapid onset disasters |
| | Slow onset disasters |
| | Chapter 3. Linking disasters and development 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Introduction |
| | Disruption of development by disasters |
| | How development may cause disasters |
| | Development opportunities afforded by disasters |
| | Chapter 4. Natural hazards |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Characteristics of particular hazards and disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Earthquakes |
| | Tsunamis |
| | Volcanoes |
| | Landslides |
| | Tropical cyclones |
| | Floods |
| | Droughts |
| | Environmental pollution |
| | Deforestation |
| | Desertification |
| | Pest infestations |
| | Epidemics |
| | Chemical and industrial accidents |
| | Chapter 5. Compound and complex disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Socio/political forces |
| | Displaced persons |
| | The role of the UN in complex emergencies |
| | Safety of relief teams in conflict zones |
| | PART TWO: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Introduction |
| | Chapter 6. The disaster management team, roles and resources |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The UN Disaster Management Team |
| | Country Disaster Management Team |
| | Tasks, roles and resources of the UN |
| | Roles and resources of UNDP, UNDRO, and other UN agencies |
| | Coordination: the resident coordinator and the UN-DMT |
| | Chapter 7. Disaster preparedness |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Components of disaster preparedness |
| | Preparedness for slow onset and sudden onset disasters |
| | Preparedness within the United Nations 2 |
| | Checklist of basic information required by a UN-DMT 3 |
| | Chapter 8. Vulnerability and risk assessment 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Risk management |
| | Risk probability |
| | Acceptable levels of risk |
| | Assessing risk and vulnerability |
| | How is risk determined? |
| | Vulnerability evaluation |
| | Reducing vulnerability for displaced persons |
| | PART THREE: DISASTER RESPONSE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 9. Disaster response |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Aims of emergency and post-disaster assistance |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Warning |
| | Evacuation/migration |
| | Search and rescue |
| | Post-disaster assessment |
| | Emergency relief |
| | Logistics and supply |
| | Communication and information management |
| | Survivor response and coping |
| | Security |
| | Emergency operations management |
| | Rehabilitation and reconstruction |
| | Chapter 10. Disaster assessment 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Objectives of assessment |
| | The assessment process |
| | Assessments for different disaster types |
| | How assessment data is used |
| | Chapter 11. UN response to disasters 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Principal elements and actions in response to a sudden disaster |
| | Sitreps - exchanging information with UNDRO |
| | Alert message and field sitreps |
| | The importance of coordination and information |
| | Chapter 12. Rehabilitation and reconstruction |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Priorities and opportunities in rehabilitation and reconstruction 1 |
| | Zenon hurricane: A case study 3 |
| | PART FOUR: DISASTER MITIGATION |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Chapter 13. Mitigation 1 |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Targeting mitigation where it has most effect |
| | Actions to reduce risk |
| | The menu of mitigation actions |
| | Classification of mitigation measures |
| | Timing for mitigation |
| | Chapter 14. UN assistance to disaster mitigation |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Disaster mitigation as a development theme |
| | Appraising disaster mitigation needs, policies, and capacity |
| | Sources of information: needs for technical expertise |
| | Project identification and formulation |
| | Disaster risk appraisal of all projects in hazardous areas |
| | Disaster risk reduction planning checklist |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Disasters and Development (DAD) Project Review Form |
| | Appendix - GA Resolution 46/182, Strengthening of the Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations |
Displaced persons
One of the most serious consequences of compound and complex emergencies is the creation of populations of displaced persons. The example of the Horn of Africa refers to many of the displaced populations but there are millions more in other parts of the world.
The term “displaced person” applies in several contexts. These include people who are:
forced to leave their homes as a result of drought, famine, or other disaster, usually in search of food
non-combatant individuals and families forced to leave their homes because of the direct or indirect consequences of conflict but who remain inside their country
forcibly resettled by their government if the resettlement is ethnically, tribally or racially motivated
expelled from a country, especially as an ethnic or national group, forced out for economic or political reasons.
Reasons for concern
The international humanitarian relief system is just now beginning to meet the challenge of working with the displaced. There are three principle reasons for concern by relief agencies. One is that displaced persons are often ineligible to receive relief and assistance available to refugees (individuals who have crossed an international border seeking protection). A second reason is that the displaced are often insecure about relying on their own government for protection. A third reason is the obstacle of national sovereignty that limits outside agencies to assist this population.
Consequences and effects
The variety of possible situations generating displaced persons makes generalizations difficult, but the following may be experienced in varying degrees.
loss of means of livelihood
communities becoming separated from any services previously provided
loss of normal sources of food
lack of shelter and household necessities
lack of fuel for cooking
lack of potable water
communicable diseases and over-crowding
additional burdens particularly for women heads of households
possibly large numbers of unaccompanied children
loss of land tenure
possible communication and logistics problems
insecurity due to tensions and military activities
Not to be forgotten is the population that may remain at home and, even though they are not “trapped in combat areas,” they nonetheless are in places that are hard to reach because of political, logistical and/or security obstacles. They may suffer many of the above problems and be isolated from international humanitarian relief.
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