![]() | Health and Environment in Sustainable Development - Five Years after the Earth Summit (WHO, 1991, 128 p.) |
![]() | ![]() | Part II. Essential media and reagents for isolation and identification of clinical pathogens |
![]() | ![]() | Priority grading of pathogens, culture media, and diagnostic reagents |
Culture media
Recommended medium |
Alternative |
Priority code |
acetate agar |
|
3 |
Andrade peptone water |
phenol red broth base |
2 |
bile-aesculin agar |
|
1 |
blood agar base (see tryptic soy agar) |
Columbia agar base |
1 |
brolacin agar |
purple lactose agar |
1 |
decarboxylase broth base (Mr) | |
2 |
DNase agar | |
3 |
Kligler iron agar (KIA) | |
1 |
Ler coagulated serum |
Dorset egg medium |
1 |
Lstein-Jensen medium base | |
1 |
MacConkey agar (with crystal violet) | |
1 |
mannitol salt agar (MSA) | |
2 |
motility-indole-urease medium (MIU) |
motility test medium + urea broth + peptone (tryptone) water |
1 |
Mueller-Hinton agar |
|
1 |
Sabouraud dextrose agar | |
1 |
deoxycholate citrate agar |
Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS) |
1 |
selenite F broth |
|
2 |
Simmons citrate agar | |
2 |
tryptic soy agar (TSA) | |
1 |
tryptic soy broth (TSB) |
brain heart infusion broth |
1 |
thioglycollate medium (with indicator) |
Schaedler broth, Wilkins-Chalgren anaerobe broth, cooked meat medium |
2 |
TCBS |
Monsurs TTG medium |
1 |
transport medium (Amies) |
transport medium (Stuart or Cary-Blair) |
1 |
Inhibitors or antibiotics for use in media or as reagents |
Priority code |
bacitracin (for isolation of Haemophilus spp) |
3 |
Campylobacter antibiotic supplement |
2 |
chloramphenicol (for isolation of fungi) |
1 |
tellurite solution (for isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae) |
2 |
vancomycin (for isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi or H. influenzae) |
3 |
gonococcal antibiotic supplement: vancomycin, colistin, nystatin (trimethoprim): VCN (VCNT) |
1 |
Clostridium difficile antibiotic supplement for selective agar |
3 |
Enrichments for culture media | |
IsoVitaleX (Polyvitex, Vitox, supplement B, supplement VX, supplement CVA) |
2 |
sodium-polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) |
3 |
Diagnostic discs, tablets, or strips | |
b-glucuronidase (PGUA) |
2 |
bacitracin |
1 |
novobiocin (5 mg) |
3 |
ONPG |
1 |
optochin |
1 |
oxidase |
1 |
V, XV growth factors |
2 |
vibriostatic compound 0/129 |
3 |
Nitrocefin disc (Cefinase) or reagent |
1 |
Diagnostic kits | |
Rapid serodiagnostic kit for identification of meningococci |
3 |
Serological grouping kit for haemolytic streptococci |
3 |
Miscellaneous diagnostic reagents | |
barium sulfate standard (for Kirby-Bauer method) |
1 |
buffered glycerol-saline (for transportation of stool) |
2 |
Gram stain reagents |
1 |
hydrogen peroxide (for catalase) |
1 |
India ink (for capsule detection) |
2 |
Kovacs reagent (for indole) |
1 |
oxidase reagent (dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine) |
1 |
plasma (for coagulase test and germ tube test) |
1 |
Ziehl-Neelsen stain |
1 |
carbohydrates: glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose |
2 |
amino acids: lysine (for decarboxylase test) |
2 |
hydrogen generator for anaerobic jar |
2 |
Sensitivity-testing discs
Antibiotics included in the WHO list of essential drugs (1990)
ampicillin
chloramphenicol
co-trimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole - trimethoprim)
erythromycin
gentamicin
nitrofurantoin
oxacillin
benzylpenicillin
piperacillin
sulfonamide
tetracycline (or doxycycline)
trimethoprim
Reserved antibiotics
amikacin
ceftriaxone
cefuroxime
cefalotin
ciprofloxacin or other fluoquinolones
clindamycin
nalidixic acid
tobramycin
Diagnostic antisera
|
Priority code | |
Salmonella: |
polyvalent o |
1 |
|
specific O-group: 9, 12 (D) and Vi |
1 |
|
specific O-group: 4, 5 (B) |
2 |
|
specific H: d, i |
2 |
Shigella: |
polyvalent flexneri, polyvalent boydii, polyvalent | |
|
dysenteriae, sonnei | |
|
specific: anti-Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) |
1 |
Vibrio cholerae: |
polyvalent 0:1 |
1 |
|
specific: ogawa, inaba |
3 |
Neisseria meningitidis: |
polyvalent and group-specific: A, B, C |
3 |
Haemophilus influenzae: |
type b |
3 |