VI.3. Organisation of production and marketing of fresh and cured fish

Fishermen and small-scale fish processors may operate in an independent manner or may organise themselves into various types of trade associations. In general, whenever they operate independently, they must rely on traders and financiers as it is generally difficult for individual fishermen or small-scale fish processors to organise the marketing of their catch, obtain credit, etc. Some have argued that this reliance on traders/financiers decreases the bargaining power of fishermen and small-scale fish processors, and that they should organise themselves in order to minimise such reliance. While such an argument may not apply in all cases, fishermen and small-scale fish processors could benefit from joint organisation of production or marketing as long as it is well conceived. A number of cooperatives and associations have been tried in a number of countries, including Fishermen’s Associations (e.g. in Malaysia and Thailand) and Fish Marketing Associations (e.g. in Hong Kong). A survey of these organisations (e.g. by the FAO) shows that some have been more successful than others, while some have actually failed. It is therefore important to carefully analyse the local situation prior to selecting one form of organisation of production with a view to improving the living conditions of fishing communities. In any case, the latter should be fully involved in the selection process.

The organisation of the marketing of fresh and cured fish should be such as to benefit the small-scale fishing sector and to, therefore, induce fishermen and fish processors to expand supply. Wholesale fish markets or auction markets have been tried in a few countries, but have not always had the full support of fishermen. It is very important that the latter be involved in the pricing and marketing policies, and that the number of middlemen be limited so that fishermen can obtain the right price for their catch. Well organised fish marketing cooperatives, under the full control of their members, could play a major role in ensuring good prices for the fish.