1.3. If an accident occurs
Despite preventive action, accidents do happen. This is
unfortunate, but true at many workplaces. Most injuries at work are not severe
or life-threatening. This fact should not be overlooked when first aid is
discussed. It is clear that when a hand is severed in an accident with a
chainsaw, rapid first aid to stop the bleeding and deal with shock is
imperative, and further emergency treatment should follow as soon as possible.
However, for one such case there are many minor cases, for example, persons
suffering simple cuts or contusions which need unsophisticated treatment (for
example, disinfection, sterilized dressing, checking that immunization against
tetanus is valid). Immediately available first aid is an essential service in
situations where no health personnel are available. However, it must be
emphasized that professional medical care may still be needed on the day or the
days that follow. First-aid personnel must clearly point out that injured
persons should always take it upon themselves to consult a physician so that the
necessary treatment is given under medical supervision.
The case described in the preceding paragraph is consistent with
the primary health care approach referred to in the preface.3 This
involves the treatment of a common injury by an immediately available
first-aider, health education and the acceptance by the individual of
responsibility for his or her own health, including possible referral for more
advanced medical care. The approach emphasizes the need to combine the delivery
of first aid with advice and information to the worker on follow-up actions and
professional medical care required.
Some generalizations may be made regarding accidents at work and
the severity of injuries. It appears that the most common causes of injuries are
found in rather ordinary events like stumbling, falling, the handling of
materials, the use of tools or being struck by falling objects. However, when
planning for first aid, primary attention should be paid to manifestations in
the victims of an accident rather than the accident itself. These include, in
particular, crushed and broken bones and joints, bleeding, shock, respiratory
arrest, cardiac arrest, burns including chemical burns, other skin injuries or
eye injuries. Therefore, first aid needs specific knowledge about these common
manifestations.
