HIV in Pregnancy: A Review (UNAIDS, 1999, 67 p.)

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SECTION A : HIV IN PREGNANCY

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Epidemiology of HIV

Susceptibility of women to HIV infection

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Biological factors

Socio-cultural factors

Effect of pregnancy on the natural history of HIV infection

Effect of HIV infection on pregnancy

Mother-to-child transmission

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Factors affecting mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1

Interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Appropriate interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission

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Antiretroviral therapy

Immune therapy

Nutritional interventions

Mode of delivery

Vaginal cleansing

Modification of infant feeding practice

Voluntary HIV counselling and testing in pregnancy

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Testing of antenatal women

Counselling before and after HIV testing in pregnancy

Counselling about pregnancy-related issues

SECTION B : MANAGEMENT OF HIV-POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN

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Antenatal care

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Obstetrical management

Examination and investigations

Medical treatment during pregnancy

Antiretroviral therapy

Care during labour and delivery

Postpartum care

Care of neonates

SECTION C : INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES

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Universal precautions

Risks of needlestick injuries

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Management of needlestick injuries and other accidental blood exposure

REFERENCES