Plants Tolerant of Arid, or Semi-arid Conditions and with Non-food Constituents of Potential Use (NRI)

Plants Tolerant of Arid, or Semi-arid Conditions and with Non-food Constituents of Potential Use (NRI)

		(introduction...)
		Acknowledgements
		Introduction
		Section 1: List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid conditions with non-food constituents of potential use
		Section 2: References

(introduction...)

J. B. Davis, D. E. Kay and V. Clark

1983 Tropical Products Institute 56/62 Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8LU

Overseas Development Administration

Acknowledgements

This report was produced by the Tropical Products Institute, a British Government organisation which co-operates with developing countries in helping them to derive greater benefit from their plant and animal resources. It specialises in post-harvest problems and will be pleased to answer requests for information and advice addressed to the Director.

Material from this report may be reproduced in any non-advertising, non-profit context provided that the source is acknowledged as follows:

Davis, J. B., Kay, D. E. and Clark, V. (1983) Plants tolerant of arid, or semi-arid, conditions with non-food constituents of potential use. Report of the Tropical Products Institute, G 150, iv + 172 pp.

Permission for commercial reproduction should, however, be sought from the Head, Publications, Publicity and Public Relations Section, Tropical Products Institute, 56/62 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LU, England.

Price £7.50 including packing and postage.

No charge is made for single copies of this publication sent to governmental and educational establishments, research institutions and non-profit making organisations working in countries eligible for British Aid. Free copies cannot normally be addressed to individuals by name but only under their official titles.

Tropical Products Institute

ISBN: 0 85954 135 5

ISSN: 0144 - 9982

The authors wish to acknowledge with gratitude the advice and comments received from their many colleagues within the Institute, Dr G. E. Wickens of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew and Mr William Gardener, FLS.

Introduction

In recent years there has been considerable interest in using more productively the renewable natural resources of the arid and semi-arid zones which make up almost 40 per cent of the Third World’s land surface (Miegs, 1953; Paylore and Greenwell, 1979; UNESCO, 1979). This report is an attempt to bring together basic information concerning plants which are reported to tolerate arid, or semi-arid, conditions and which have, or might have, potential as raw materials for industrial, i.e. non-food, use.

The information has been presented in tabular form for convenient reference. The resulting tables list alphabetically 298 species which have been reported by various authors, (for example, Arnon, 1972; Chopra et a/., 1960; Cruse, 1949, 1959, 1973; Duisberg and Hay, 1971 and Krochmal et al., 1954) to tolerate arid, or semi-arid, conditions and which yield one or more of the following commodities:

(i) Essential oils, for use in flavourings, fragrances, etc;
(ii) Fibres and cellulosics;
(iii) Firewood;
(iv) Gums and resins, for use as adhesives, but including those which may be used in foodstuffs;
(v) Latexes—for use as substitutes for Hevea rubber and as sources of hydrocarbon fuels;
(vi) Oilseeds—non-food uses, i.e. technical oils used in surface coatings for lubrication, etc;
(vii) Pesticides;
(viii) Pharmaceuticals—particularly as a source of established drugs or their precursors;
(ix ) Tanning materials;
(x) Waxes.

Generally food and forage uses have been excluded although such uses are occasionally mentioned where it seems appropriate to do so. In addition, although firewood continues to be the most important source of fuel for cooking and heating in most Third World countries and its collection in sufficient quantities one of the most pressing daily problems in arid areas and one of the major reasons for their devegetation, little emphasis has been accorded to firewood sources in this report as it was known that a detailed compilation by the National Academy of Sciences in the USA was being undertaken. The compilation was published (National Academy of Sciences, 1980) and those species mentioned therein, but which had not been included in the preliminary draft of this report, have been added, but without comment and denoted by the suffix f.

The headings used in the tables are largely self-explanatory but the following comments may be appropriate. In the first column the botanical nomenclature used follows closely the Index Kewensis and its Supplements and only the more common vernacular names are given. Information given under columns three and four, Potential and Constraints can be considered as positive or negative attributes applicable to each listed species and its possible exploitation in the future. Where a large number of species have certain properties in common, for example the Euphorbias, Opuntias and Yuccas, their common aspects have been drawn together in the form of general notes rather than repeated under each individual entry.

In all entries only a few key references have been quoted in an attempt to keep the numbers manageable. Nevertheless, the reference list which constitutes the second section of the report should prove a valuable bibliography for the many technolgists, scientists and economists who are interested in developing the plant resources of the arid and semi-arid regions.

The report should be regarded as a working document rather than a final definitive work and it is hoped that it will be of value in the following ways:

(i) as a convenient assemblage of data on each of the species listed;
(ii) as a means of identifying gaps in knowledge and hence indicating the possible direction for new research;
(iii) as a basic document from which it may be possible for scientists, technologists, agriculturalists and economists to select a proportion, say 1 in 10, of the species listed as being worth exploring further.

Section 1: List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid conditions with non-food constituents of potential use

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 1

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 2

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 3

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 4

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 5

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 6

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 7

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 8

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 9

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 10

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 11

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 12

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 13

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 14

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 15

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 16

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 17

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 18

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 19

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 20

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 21

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 22

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 23

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 24

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 25

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 26

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 27

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 28

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 29

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 30

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 31

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 32

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 33

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 34

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 35

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 36

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 37

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 38

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 39

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 40

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 41

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 42

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 43

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 44

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 45

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 46

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 47

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 48

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 49

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 50

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 51

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 52

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 53

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 54

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 55

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 56

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 57

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 58

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 59

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 60

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 61

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 62

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 63

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 64

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 65

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 66

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 67

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 68

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 69

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 70

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 71

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 72

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 73

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 74

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 75

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 76

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 77

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 78

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 79

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 80

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 81

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 82

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 83

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 84

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 85

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 86

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 87

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 88

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 89

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 90

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 91

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 92

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 93

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 94

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 95

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 96

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 97

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 98

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 99

List of plants tolerant of arid or semi-arid - Part 100

Section 2: References

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