(introduction...)

The following steps are required for the commercialisation of neem products:

· Harvest: hand picking (for best quality) or collecting (sweeping up) fruits and kernels which have been depulped by bats and birds

· Cleaning with water/sand

· De-pulping: by hand or modified coffee depulper

· Drying: controlled exposure to sunlight/drying device

· Disinfection with calcium hypochlorite

· Storage in a dry, shady and well ventilated place, preferably at 20 C

· Extraction:

· alcoholic batch extraction (one-step extraction)

· methods for obtaining an azadirachtin-enriched extract: two-step extraction, supercritical CO₂,

· Formulation: increases stability but emulsifiers often also have synergistic or additive effects (e.g. sesame, soya or castor oil, piperonyl butoxide etc.).