The potential for action
The many different problems of working conditions and
environment in developing countries cannot be solved all at once: progressive
improvement is necessary. Here, however, problems arise. It is often difficult
for enterprises to identify and apply feasible, appropriate measures. In
addition to economic difficulties, most enterprises lack access to technical
knowledge and specialised personnel.
One immediate possibility for the use of this book is therefore
to encourage action by employers and workers at enterprise level. It makes clear
that there are many simple, inexpensive solutions to nearly all types of working
conditions problems. This shows that a fresh look at existing problems can lead
to ideas and action which are practical and effective. Many of the examples in
this book can be directly applied. In other cases, modifications will be
necessary but the ideas can be used as a point of departure. In still other
cases, an entirely original solution will be found.
This book may also be used to support training at various
levels. It can be added to the training materials for inspectors, safety and
health personnel and welfare officers in addition to managers, supervisors and
workers. Local examples are of great value in such training. These may be
collected using this book as a guide.
In applications at enterprise level and in the training of
various groups, the following points should be discussed:
- the existence of a wide variety of solutions to
problems, many of which are low in cost;
- the value of a fresh, unbiased look at conditions which have
become accepted because they have always existed, not because they are
inevitable or efficient;
- the need for persons suggesting improvements to consider cost
and practicality. This can be especially important for inspectors and other
technical specialists;
- the direct and indirect benefits of many of these
improvements. The cases report a number of measurable productivity benefits, as
well as savings in time, higher product quality and less waste. Reductions in
accidents, disease and fatigue are important to worker morale and motivation in
addition to avoiding costs to the enterprise.
These points suggest a common interest on the part of government
agencies, employers' organisations and trade unions in promoting improvements in
working conditions. The identification of low cost improvements is a valuable
first step in the action required towards a safer, heathier and more productive
working
environment.
