4.1 The City Profile

Figure

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VISAKHAPATNAM - UNCHS SLUM LOCATIONS

Visakhapatnam City is situated on the east coast of India facing the Bay of Bengal. The City Municipality was constituted in the year 1858 and upgraded to a Municipal Corporation in the year 1979. It is India's fourth largest port and is the most rapidly growing industrial city of Andhra Pradesh. In addition to its role as Eastern headquarters of the Indian Navy, it has developed ship building, oil refining, fertilizer, petrochemical, sugar and oil refinery in addition to India's newest and largest steel plant. It is linked with air, rail, and bus services apart from occasional sea service.

The growth of the city had started from the establishment of the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and a number of ancillary industries. The consequent increase in the requirement of developed land for housing and other uses led to the expansion of the Municipal Corporation limits from time to time. From the earlier area of 15.20 sq.km., these limits were extended in 1964 to include an area of 78.33 sq.km. and again in 1994 to an area of 111.60 sq.km. In this process six surrounding villages also got included in the metropolitan area and contributed an additional area of 33.28 sq.km.

The city of Visakhapatnam has also seen a steady growth of population, which grew from 1,08,000 in 1951 to 8,82,000 in 1991 (Table 4.1). There was a tremendous spurt in population growth in the decade 1961 -1971 mainly due to the establishment of the steel plant and subsequent in-migration from around the state of Andhra Pradesh. The current population is estimated to be well above 1 million.

Table 4.1 Population growth of Visakhapatnam

Year	Population
1951	1,08,000
1961	1,82,000
1971	3,52,000
1981	5,58,000
1991	8,82,000

4.2 Socio-economic Profile

The city has three distinct entities - the older habitations near the port areas, the subsequently developed areas and the peripheral settlements at and beyond the municipal boundary. Some settlements have also developed organically on the slopes of the various hillocks, which dominate the city skyline.

Owing to the shortage in the housing stock and the migration of low-income people to the city, the incidence of slum growth has been prolific. The slum population of Visakhapatnam is estimated to have risen from 112,000 in 1976 to 237/000 at present. Part of the rise is no doubt attributable to a higher birth rate but the larger part of rise is due to immigration. The immigration rate in slums is about twice that of the city as a whole.

Urban Community Development in Visakhapatnam

The Urban Community Development (UCD) Department had conducted a detailed census survey of all the slums of the city of Visakhapatnam during 1985-86. As per the survey, there were 170 slums in the city with 36,658 households and a population of 119,000 at that time.

The Municipal Corporation of Visakhapatnam constituted the UCD Department in 1979 basing on the experiences gained from other projects i.e. UCD, Hyderabad. The UCD, Visakhapatnam, which initially covered a population of 45000 with its own funds, was extended to the entire city during the year 1982 with the financial assistance of UNICEF. The project had a total value of Rs. 0.49 million for period of three years with the following objectives:

a. To ensure convergence of activities of the ICDS and UCD to maximize the coverage and to improve the quality of services rendered.

b. To extend basic services, in a phased manner, to the urban poor in the city particularly to children and women.

c. To encourage community participation in the planning, provision and maintenance of these services.

d. To enhance the planning and implementation capacity of the implementing bodies, particularly the MCV, to provide basic services to the children and women of the urban poor.

e. To encourage and promote the convergence of services to the same beneficiaries by timely and effective coordination with the sectoral departments, such as, Health, Education, PHED, Women and Child Welfare, etc.

Based on the above objectives and experiences gained a massive integrated slum improvement programme was designed with a total cost of Rs. 250 million during the year 1986. The Overseas Development Administration (ODA), Government of United Kingdom came forward to grant the entire programme with the following revised objectives:

i. Increase the supply of serviced land in the selected slums so as to provide more opportunities for affordable low-income shelter.

ii. Convert a significant proportion of squatter settlements into environmentally acceptable and legal shelters by providing land tenure, infrastructure improvements wherever necessary and shelter improvement loans.

iii. Provide basic minimum civic amenities by way of adequate dust proof approach roads, internal roads and pavements, stormwater and sullage drains, street lighting, potable drinking water etc.

iv. Improve the socio-economic and health conditions by providing pre-school education, a package of integrated health services covering supplemental nutrition, universal immunization, health education and other aspects of primary health care, strengthening maternity and child welfare centres, providing for referral services, civic education, malaria control etc. to all the slum population

v. Provide low cost sanitation as far as possible to all the families living in slums and gradually eliminate community latrines. It was proposed to provide loan facilities for construction of low-cost, pour-flush latrines with on-the-spot disposal system

vi. Help the Municipal Corporation to acquire adequate equipment to provide necessary municipal services with particular reference to solid waste management for all the city slum areas.

vii. Develop community participation and cohesiveness in sustaining the infrastructure created through both physical and socio-economic programmes. Train the population, more particularly women and youth, in proper use and maintenance of this infrastructure.

viii. Take steps to increase community awareness to have a better understanding of the problems faced by slum dwellers and develop a problem solving approach with indigenous initiative organisation , self-help and mutual aid.

ix. Develop local initiatives through educative programmes, identify and train local leaders who will act as 'contact' persons in the community.

x. Converge all the services as far as possible rendered by the State Government departments, Municipal Corporation, voluntary and non-governmental organisations.

xi. Provide technical assistance for improving the capacity of the implementing bodies particularly the Municipal Corporation in respect of planning, implementation and administration of various projects and programmes with adequate emphasis on monitoring review and evaluation techniques.

xii. Impart training in primary health care coverage of the community particularly for the children and women, family welfare, adoption of appropriate technology, improvement of skills for self-employment, providing income-generating schemes particularly for women etc.

Rehana Begum, RCV-Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh The profile of Rehana Begum moves like an off-beat Indian film. The second among seven children, she lived a comfortable life until her father died, when she was 11. They soon lost all that her father had earned moving into a remote slum. Her studies ended, and she was married. Rehana gave birth to twelve children, but only nine survived. Rehana had to work making beedies (handmade cigarettes made of raw tobacco leaves) at home to supplement her income. Like many other Muslim women in the state she never left her home without a burka (covering). In 1992, she became involved in UBSP and was elected as the convenor of the Neighbourhood Committee (NHC). She later became a "floor leader" voicing the aspirations of women in ten surrounding neighbourhoods and when the work demands, she unhesitatingly meets the highest officials in the district. As the NHC convenor, she initiated several activities: her small house is used at no cost as a pre-school in addition to serving as an non formal education centre for women. Rehana Begum - from obscurity to vibrant community catalyst for development. Along with other RCVs, she educated the public about immunization and health care with overall health improving in the community. As she herself experienced the problems of a large family, she propagates family planning, noting that in recent years the people have become receptive to her advice. Many women received training from the sewing centre run by the NHC, and to generate employment, she convinced the district authorities to place orders with them for stitching school uniforms for children. Now this has expanded to other sectors and NHCs. Regular interaction among the RCVs made them feel that they all have similar interests and goals and this realization brought a sense of solidarity among the neighbourhood women and slow improvements in their community. Rehana Begum's experience clearly shows that factors like religion, economic status, social environment etc. cannot enchain a woman who wants to play a constructive role in the society, when some support is given. For the "empowered women", only sky is the limit. Source: Case Study by Regional Centre for Urban & Environment Studies (RCUES), Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

Role of UCDD in Slum Improvement

The first project undertaken by the UCDD in Visakhapatnam was the Environmental Improvement Scheme in slums (physical amenities at a cost of Rs. 13.2 million during 1979-81). Under this scheme, a land plot (either in the existing slum or at a new location) was provided to a slum household free of cost by the Municipality. The environmental services (water, sewerage, drains, roads, etc.) were also provided free of cost. Loans for construction of the houses were secured from commercial banks or Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO). People built their own houses costing Rs. 12,000 each. As many as 18,000 houses were constructed upto 1990-91 in the slums.

The Slum Improvement Projects implemented since 1988 were in many ways a remarkable effort. In different schemes, different solutions were attempted. In the Weaker Sections Housing Programme, four types of schemes were implemented simultaneously: (i) new houses on new sites, (ii) new houses in existing slum pockets, (iii) two or three storeyed houses in existing slums and (iv) shelter improvement.

The most difficult and challenging task for the UCDD was implementation of health and socio-economic development programmes. Without active participation of the people especially women, these programmes could not have been implemented successfully. The social development staff, mainly the Community Organizers and Social Workers took the responsibility of forming the Neighbourhood Committees (NHCs) one in each slum comprising mostly women members. The NHC was given the responsibility of monitoring the working of Balwadies, Anganwadies, Sewing Centres, etc. which started in each slum under the Visakhapatnam Slum Improvement Project.

A Balwadi worker from a Visakhapatnam slum. She also helps in other activities conducted at the community centre.

Neighbourhood Committees

Neighbourhood Committees (NHCs) have been formed within each slum in Visakhapatnam. They are representative of all the families residing therein and are composed of both men and women. Some NHCs comprise of only women. After registration, the NHCs obtained the cooperation of locally available community based organisations with the CDS staff in a motivating and facilitating role.

Once established with its bank account opened, funds flowed from the programme implementing authority, the UCD, to the NHC for organising programmes like Mother Leaders Training, Food and Nutrition Training, Clean Hut Competitions, Solid Waste Collection and Street Sweeping Exercises, payment of honorariums to voluntary workers like Balwadi Instructors, Ayahs, Adult and Non-formal Education Instructors and Sewing Instructors etc. on reimbursement basis from project funds. The MCV entered into an agreement with the NHCs for proper implementation and sustenance of the programme. The agreement defined the roles and responsibilities of each party.

Slum Profile

Today there are 251 identified slums in the city with a total population of 2,37,437. The total number of households is 51,855. The broad slum profile of the city is given below in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Visakhapatnam Slum Profile

a) No. of households in slums		51,855
b) Population		2,37,437
c) Caste breakup
	i) SC	14,741	(28.4)
	ii) ST	2,912	(5.6)
	iii) BC	29,674	(57.20)
	iv) OC	4,528	(8.80)
d) Average monthly Income
	i) Salaried	11,631	(22.4)
	ii) Wage earners	30,889	(59.6)
	iii) Self employed	6,465	(12.5)
	iv) Others	3,134	(6)
e) No. of unemployed youth		21,223
	i) Male	11,714	(55.20)
	ii) Female	9,509	(44.8)
f) Total No. of literates		89,345	(37.60)
	i) Male	49,860	(55.8)
	ii) Female	39,485	(44.20)
g) Total No. of illiterates		1,48,092	(62.4)
	i) Male	69,806	(47)
	ii) Female	78,286	(53)
h) No. of children (2 - 5 age group)		22,731
i) No. of children going to Play-school and Cre		10,029	(52.9)
j) No. of Children (6-15 age group)		47,301
k) No. of school going children		27,921	(59.02)
I) No. of working children		9/380
	i) Male	6/053	(64.50)
	ii) Female	3,327	(35.5)

(Figures in brackets are percentages)

4.3 Infrastructure Arrangements

Water Supply

Most of the central areas of Visakhapatnam city are well served by piped water supply. This supply has also been extended to many low income and slum areas under various programmes where the service is mainly by piped standposts. Other settlements, not covered by piped water, rely on handpumps and old wells. Slum communities spend much time in collecting and storing water.

Storm Drainage

Being a high precipitation area with undulating terrain, storm drainage assumes great importance and the main city is well drained. Storm drains are also invariably found in nearly all low income and slum areas. Here, lane paving and storm drains were earlier provided under the ODA scheme.

Sanitation

There are grave deficiencies in the sewerage and sanitation services available in most parts of Visakhapatnam. Generally the middle and high income residents have septic tanks attached to their houses. The low income and slum communities have to rely on community latrines and low cost sanitation options like single and double pit latrines. There is also substantial open air defecation mainly amongst children. While a sewerage project is currently being implemented in the city, low cost sanitation has received concerted attention in the past under Government of India as well as ODA/DFID schemes. The details of these schemes are as follows:

Government of India/MCV Scheme

Type	MCV Loan	GOI subsidy	Beneficiary	Total
5 Users	2600	2340	260	5200
10 Users	2890	2601	289	5980
15 Users	3435	3092	343	6870

DFID assisted Scheme at China Gadila (Bath and Latrine)

Type MCV	Loan	DFID subsidy	Beneficiary	Total
5 Users	2600	2616	584	5800
10 Users	2890	2825	665	6380

ODA/DFID assisted projects have been implemented in Visakhapatnam city from 1988-98. Project costing for the three main projects totalled about Rs. 385.5 million with the following breakup:-

	(Rs. lakhs)
Visakhapatnam Slum Improvement Project (1988-95)	2859.00
Chinagadila Habitat Improvement Scheme I	658.30
Chinagadila Habitat Improvement Scheme II (1996-98)	340.00

Solid Waste Management

Visakhapatnam generates about 450-500 tonnes of garbage daily. Of this quantity the MCV is able to lift only 350-400 tonnes every day. This is because about 20 per cent of the garbage is dumped in low lying and other areas which are inaccessible to MCV vehicles or are outside their area of jurisdiction.

The MCV has promoted a number of initiatives to improve the solid waste operation. These include privatization in some localities and provision of dumper placers along roads and lanes. Tricycles have also been provided to a voluntary organisation which collects garbage house-to-house and brings garbage daily to the MCV's collection points. A garbage based fertilizer plant has also been set up to which only organic and other biodegradable garbage is sent for the production of organic compost. The MCV transports the city garbage mainly to a dumping yard at Kapulanppada which is 21 km away.

The low income and slum settlements suffer from a number of the above and other infrastructure deficiencies. Through the UNCHS programme survey, these have been identified and quantified under eight main heads which are as given below:

Infrastructure Deficiencies in Slum Households

Item of infrastructure	No. of Households
a) Drinking water:	13,269 (25.5)
b) Roads:	15,113 (29.5)
c) Surface Drains:	15,113 (29.5)
d) Bathing cubicles:	29,900 (53.4)
e) Individual latrines:	34,405 (66.3)
f) Individual electric connections:	18,416 (35.5)
g) Street lighting facility:	15,113 (29.5)
h) Community halls:	18,262 (35.2)

(Figures in brackets are percentages having access to the facility)

Housing and Health

The survey also identified the housing condition of the slum families under three categories according to type of building material used - temporary (kutcha), semi-permanent and permanent. The classification is as follows:

Type	Number	Percentage
a) Temporary (Kutcha) houses	19,313	37.3
b) Semi-permanent houses	10,738	20.7
c) Permanent houses	21,804	42.0

Regarding health services, the MCV has set up 12 municipal dispensaries, 9 maternity and child welfare centres. These are manned in the slums by honorary doctors who attend to patients on a regular basis.

4.4 Institutional Arrangements, Management and Finance

The MCV is the main entity which implements all works in Visakhapatnam. Within the MCV the Urban Community Development (UCD) department is directly responsible for interfacing with the slum dwellers and other community/voluntary groups established within the settlements. The UCD is headed by the Project Director who is in overall charge and reports directly to the Municipal Commissioner. The governing structure of the MCV is as follows:

a) Municipal Corporation:	Mayor, 50 Ward members, 6 ex-officio members and 5 co-opted members.
b) Standing Committee:	5 Ward committee chairmen (one member is the chairman of the Standing Committee)
c) Commissioner:	Executive Authority
d) 5 Ward Committees:	10 Ward members in each committee and one member is the chairman of the Ward committee

Janmabhoomi - A people centered development process Innovation is perhaps the single most important ingredient for the advancement of any society. Innovation can occur in a variety of ways ranging from more commonly understood forms such as product and technical innovation to more abstract forms like process innovation. Innovation can play a substantial role in reducing our costs or in increasing our productive output. The Janmabhoomi project has positively reaffirmed the power of time tested values and basic principles. Armed with exemplary grit, determination and commitment, our people have demonstrated the immense potential of Janmabhoomi. Janmabhoomi essentially means a people centred participatory development process. The institutional framework for Janmabhoomi facilitates a process wherein the Government, the democratic institutions of the people, the grassroots people's institutions, the facilitating agencies (including NGOs academic institutions, etc.) and the people themselves can participate as equal partners. All these Institutions are imbued with the core principles of Janmabhoomi to enable them to carry out their tasks effectively. Janmabhoomi is meant to induce, develop and nurture social mobilisation of people, particularly the poor, organising the community around specific interests such as women, thrift and credit groups, youth groups, water users associations, watershed development committees, village education committees etc. This is achieved through sensitisation, awareness building, organising Grassroot People's Institution (GPI), organising women into Thrift and Credit and building the capability of community leaders. Janmabhoomi develops appropriate support structures for achieving social mobilisation and capacity building. The support structures are intended to provide necessary training and technical guidance and develop suitable literature for different sectors. There is a system of regular feed back and discussion in the workshops where the best experiences within and outside the State are considered for adoption. At the State level, appropriate structures have been established for overseeing this as well as to look after the training needs including development of literature. Janmabhoomi strengthen local bodies through a policy of decentralisaton and develops a framework for a larger role for the local bodies. For this each department analyses and draws up a list of activities in each sector that can be decentralised including the powers necessary at appropriate levels for effective decentralised decision making. Necessary financial devolution is also made. At the same time, full accountability to people is ensured. Janmabhoomi builds up the mechanism of an active and vibrant village council which will not only decide on various issues but also monitor development programmes. Janmabhoomi will also develop a system by which information and knowledge are constantly made available to people. Source: Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1999.

The MCV budget for the current year and the allocation of funds under the main heads, including UCD expenditure, is given below:

	(Rupees Crores)
Municipal Corporation budget	120.00
Allocation of funds:
a) Public health, street lighting and water supply	20.37
b) Developmental works (MCV finance)	35.96
c) Developmental works (Grants / Loans)	24.56
d) Other expenditure	39.11
Total	120.00

4.5 Slum Areas under UNCHS Programme

With the advent of the UNCHS Programme in Visakhapatnam, a total of 11 slum areas were identified. A description of the 11 slums is provided below in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3 Identified UNCHS Slums

S. No.	Name of the Slum	Ward No.	Total Households	Population
1.	S.C. Colony, Venkatapuram	44 Extn	54	256
2.	Chinna Marripalem	42	230	1182
3.	Pithanidibba	17	321	1607
4.	Slum Near Circuit House	19	246	740
5.	Prasad Gardens	10	690	3448
6.	Chilakapeta	2	580	2904
7.	Kothajalaripeta	20	672	3370
8.	Shramika Nagar	21	58	268
9.	Resapuvanipalem	24	164	846
10.	Srinivasa Nagar	45	53	256
11.	Srinivasa Nagar	45	128	612

In the areas selected, work has been taken up under a number of national, state and MCV schemes like NSDP, SJSRY, ILCS, DWCUA etc. with the concept of providing convergence of activities and initiatives to improve the infrastructure and quality of life of the slum dwellers. The various types of work done under the auspices of the respective schemes are given below:

Types of work under respective Schemes

1. General works of MCV		Construction of Sulabh Complex and Roads etc.
2. Individual taps (NSDP)		Installation of taps
3. Urban self employment (USEP/SJSRY)		Self employment
4. DWCUA Groups (SJSRY)		Self employment
5. Thrift & Credit groups (SJSRY)
	1) Monthly savings of all groups	Community savings
6. Vocational Training (SJSRY)		Skill impart training
7. Educational Programmes (UPA)		Literacy programs
8. Craft Centres (UPA)		Vocation training and self employment
9. Primary Health Care Centre (UPA)		Health care programs
10. I.L.C.S. (Govt. of India)		Low cost sanitation units
11. ADARANA (Govt. of A.P)		Distribution of tools
12. C.M.E.Y. (Govt. of A.P.)		Empowerment of youth
13. E.W.S. Housing		Housing
14. Balika Samrudhi Yojana		Girl child well-being programs
15. Other Programmes
	Govt. of India	National Family Benefit Scheme National Maternity Benefit Scheme
	Govt. of Andhra Pradesh	Financial assistance through SC Corporation Financial assistance through BC Corporation Financial assistance through A.P. Minorities Corporation Assistance to handicapped through Handicapped Corporation

4.6 Strategies and Activities

Activities under the Programme have been enthusiastically taken up by the MCV in all the 11 identified slums. Within each slum the communities have been motivated and local community groups organized. These groups interact with the slum residents and prioritise the work to be taken up within each slum according to the perceived needs of the people and the benefits available under the various programmes. The local women folk are actively involved in the community groups and themselves undertake many of the social activities related to education (pre-primary and continuing/ adult education), coaching, vocations training and family welfare. The infrastructure development work is jointly done by the MCV, private contractors and the community with the MCV primarily in a advisory, facilitating and monitoring role.

Strategies

The following strategy actions have been taken to initiate the process conceived in the UNCHS programme:-

· Households survey of families below the poverty line were done and 55,644 families were enumerated.

· 1871 Resident Community Volunteers were selected as per SJSRY guidelines.

· Five community development societies were formed and were registered. Meetings were convened with banks and targets were given to the banks under USEP & DWCUA.

· A meeting was organised with all the members of Community Development Societies and the various functions they would have to perform under USEP and DWCUA were explained.

· A revolving fund of Rs. 25,000 was sanctioned to one organisation called Visakha Mahila Sewa Sangham and another 23 groups were identified for sanction of revolving funds These are in existence for more than one year as per SJSRY guidelines.

· Community development societies were asked to sponsor 500 candidates for under going skill development programmes.

· Under Chief Minister's Empowerment of Youth Programme (CMEY), 275 groups were selected by the district sanction committee.

· Under NSDP an amount of Rs. 7.4 million was allocated to the Municipal Corporation.

· The Government of Andhra Pradesh directed the Municipal Corporation to entrust the following nature of work in slums to the Community Development Societies out of the allocations made for physical amenities.

- Laying of C.C. Roads
- Laying of C.C. Drains
- Street lighting

· Technical training programmes were conducted for Community Development Society members.

· Thrift and Credit Societies were formed through St. Ann's Financial Services. Till present the total outreach is 1541 members with about Rs. 490,000 mobilised as savings.

Community centre in a slum in the heart of the city. The facility is a focal point for a variety of activities.

Impact of Vocational Training 1890 beneficiaries have been gainfully employed so far under vocational training programmes in various trades organized through the Municipal Corporation. Efforts have been made to link the loaning programme under NRY to the candidates who have already undertaken skill development training. The range of vocational trades covered include training in TV and radio maintenance, typewriting and stenography, metal Workshop, printing, vehicle Workshop, electricity, air conditioning etc.

Thrift and Credit Societies St. Ann's Financial Services programme provides services for formation of Thrift and Credit Societies. The organisation is active in most slums in Visakhapatnam. The details of work activities and achievements of this society are as follows:
· Age of the Savings and Credit programme	5 years
· Type of groups	Women
· Size of groups	8-15 members
· Present out reach	1541 members
· Saving mobilized	Rs. 4,89,215
· Frequency of group meetings	Once in a month
· Average savings per member per month	Rs. 10/- (min.)
· Interest/Dividend paid on saving	Yes
· Average Loan size	Rs. 1467
· Repayment schedule	1 year
· Rate of interest on loan	3% per month
· Management of accounts	Groups themselves
· Overall management of groups	Visakha Mahila Sewa Samithi (Federation of groups)

Involvement of NGOs A number of NGOs have been involved in sustaining numerous activities each in Visakhapatnam City. The types of work done by the seven main NGOs is detailed here.
· Visakha Mahila Seva Sangham (St. Anns Navajeevan Health Centre)	Saving and credit schemes for women
· Visakha Jilla Nava Nirmana Samithi	Management of Resource Centre and continuing education centre
· PIMHANS	Adult literacy programme
· World Vision of India	Pre-school education and minimum basic services
· Pragathi Charitable Trust	Legal literacy for women
· Prema Hospitals	Polio surgical camps and supply of calipers
· Sramika Vidhya Peeth (Assisted by Ministry of HRD)	Vocational Training

Details of Activities

The strategies, as enumerated earlier, were applied to the work in the selected slums. The details of work completed in the various slum areas under the UNCHS Programme are tabulated in Table 4.4.

A typical Visakhapatnam slum before the advent of the UNCHS programme. Lack of paving and storm drainage would turn if into a quagmire during heavy rain.

The same slum after the programme. Increased convenience has allowed the community to focus on income generating activities.

Table 4.4 Activities under UNCHS Programme in selected Slums - Visakhapatnam

S. No.

Name of the Slum

Ward No.

Total Households

Population

Infrastructure Provisions

Socio-economic Programmes

Under NSDP

By MCV

Water connections

ILCS (GOI)

Urban Self Programme

Thrift and Credit Groups (SJSRY)

Monthly savings of all groups

CMEY (GoAP)

1.

SC Colony Venkatapuram

44 Extn.

54

256

CC Roads & Rs. 189700

Construction of Sulabh Complex and CC Roads Rs. 2691000

-

2 units Rs. 10400

-

2 groups

Rs. 2000

2 groups Rs. 200000

2.

Chinana Marripalem

42

230

1182

CC Roads & Drains in 3 phases Rs. 109600

Repair of Sulabh Complex, Roads & Drains Rs. 554000

18 taps Rs. 72000

83 units Rs. 431600

Rs. 198000

4 groups

Rs. 4000

1 group Rs. 100000

3.

Pithanidibba

17

321

1607

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 45000

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 898000

14 taps Rs. 56000

-

-

10 groups

Rs. 5000

2 groups Rs. 200000

4.

Slum Near Circuit House

19

246

740

CC Roads & Rs. 94000

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 95000

5 taps Rs. 20000

17 units Rs. 88400

3 members

4 groups

Rs. 4000

1 group Rs. 100000

5.

Prasad Gardens

10

690

3448

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 74000

Providing CC Roads & Drains Rs. 512000

24 taps Rs. 96000

Rs. 35000

8 groups

Rs. 8000

5 groups Rs. 500000

6.

Chilakapeta

2

580

2904

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 119800

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 152000

8 taps Rs. 32000

2 units Rs. 10400

0

20 groups

Rs. 19000

2 groups Rs. 200000

7.

Kothajalaripeta

20

672

3370

CC Drains Rs. 30000

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 72000

15 taps Rs. 60000

-

0

12 groups

Rs. 15000

4 groups Rs. 400000

8.

Shramika Nagar

21

58

268

CC Roads & Drains

Construction of Drains Rs. 19300

6 taps Rs. 24000

6 units Rs. 31200

0

2 groups

Rs. 2000

1 group Rs. 100000

9.

Resapuvanipalem

24

164

846

Road Rs. 41000

Roads & Drains Rs. 1066000

1 tap only Rs. 2000

9 units Rs. 46800

0

6 groups

Rs. 6000

2 groups Rs. 200000

10.

Srinivasa Nagar

45

53

256

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 67300

Cross Culvert construction and Laying of BT Road Rs. 270000

-

4 units Rs. 20800

-

2 groups

Rs. 2000

1 group Rs. 100000

11.

Kunchamma Colony

45

128

612

CC Roads & Drains Rs. 99800

Construction of Culvert Rs. 178000

-

9 units Rs. 46800

-

8 groups

Rs. 8000

1 group Rs. 100000

Table 4.4 Contd.

S. No.	Name of the Slum	Ward No.	Socio-economic Programmes					EWS. Housing	Awareness Health Programmes
			Craft Centres (UPA)	ADARANA (GoAP)	DWCUA Groups (SJSRY)	Balikas Samrudhi Yojana	National Old Age Pension		Vocational Training (SJSRY)	Educational Programmes (UPA)	Primary Health Care Centre (UPA)
1.	SC Colony Venkatapuram	44 Extn.	-	25 artisans provided with tools	-	-	-	-	2 members Rs. 4000	-
2.	Chinana Marripalem	42	1 Sewing Centre for 20 women Rs. 6000 per year	15 artisans provided with tools	2 groups hand glove units in process	5 children Rs. 2500	-	EWS Housing was completed earlier	3 Members Rs. 6000	1 Non-formal education centre for drop-outs Rs. 6000 per year; 1 Anganwadi Centre for 50 children by ICDS, Rs. 10200	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
3.	Pithanidibba	17	1 Sewing Centre covering 28 women Rs. 6000 per year	22 artisans provided with tools	-	-	4	-	4 Members Rs. 8000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year 1 Anganwadi Centre for 100 children by ICDS, Rs. 10200	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
4.	Slum Near Circuit House		1 Sewing Centre covering 23 women Rs. 6000 per year	13 artisans provided with tools	-	-	-	Already completed	4 Members Rs. 8000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
5.	Prasad Gardens	10	2 Sewing Centres covering 60 women Rs. 12000 per year	60 artisans provided with power tools	-	46 children Rs. 23000	6	In progress	6 Members Rs. 12000	4 Balwadi Centres for 200 children by ICDS Rs. 40800 per year	1 Primary Health Care Centre with CHVs Rs. 21800
6.	Chilakapeta	2	1 Sewing Centre covering 30 women Rs. 5000 per year	40 artisans provided with tools	1 group Chalk pieces making Rs. 250000	7 children Rs. 3500	1	300 units constructed and proposal for 200 units in progress	4 Members Rs. 8000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 5000 per year 2 Anganwadi Centres for 100 children by ICDS Rs. 20400 per year + supplementary nutrition	1 Centre covering 500 families Rs. 21600 per year
7.	Kothajalaripeta	20	1 Sewing Centre covering 35 women Rs. 6000 per year	25 artisans provided with tools	1 group for fish vending Rs. 250000	19 children Rs. 9000	-	Site dispute cleared for initiating the programme	5 Members Rs. 10000	Non-formal education centre for 30 school drop-outs Rs. 6000 per year 3 Anganwadi Centres for 150 children by ICDS Rs. 30600 per year + supplementary nutrition	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
8.	Shramika Nagar	21	1 Sewing Centre covering 18 women Rs. 6000 per year	5 artisans provided with tools	1 group	-	-	-	2 Members Rs. 4000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
9.	Resapuvanipalem	24	-	10 artisans provided with tools	-	-	16	-	4 Members Rs. 8000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
10.	Srinivasa Nagar	45	-	4 artisans provided with tools	-	-	6	-	3 Members Rs. 6000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year
11.	Kunchamma Colony	45	1 Sewing Centre covering 20 women Rs. 6000 per year	18 artisans provided with tools	-	-	-	-	3 Members Rs. 6000	1 Balwadi Centre for 50 children Rs. 6000 per year	1 CHV Rs. 14400 per year

An amount of Rs. 0.4 Million is proposed to be deposited with the concerned CDS with clear guidelines on how to utilize the funds released. Municipal Corporation will execute an agreement with CDS on where to utilize the money and make the CDS responsible for the funds released in respect of giving loans and its recovery. A total amount of Rs. 2.0 million is proposed to be allocated for the scheme.

Group activity such as garment production center would be established where potential groups with infrastructure facilities are available. An amount of Rs. 0.15 million is proposed to be allocated for organising one training cum production center.

Community Infrastructure Works

It is proposed to take up community infrastructure works such as CC Roads, Drains, and maintenance works in the slum areas by involving the community in the execution and implementation of works to achieve the objectives of community capacity building, environmental sanitation and economic upliftment to that particular community. An amount of Rs. 3.0 million is proposed to be allocated for this purpose.

Awareness Building

It is proposed to organise training programmes, work-shops and seminars for different community groups, NGOs and UCD field staff to build their capacities for optimal participation in various slum programmes. The particulars are given below:

Sl. No.	Particulars	Amount (Rupees)
1.	Workshop on Microplanning involving CDS/NGOs/MCV staff	50,000
2.	100 Health Awareness camps covering 3000 women	60,000
3.	Entrepreneurial development programme for 10 women groups consisting of 10 to 15 members in each group	50,000
4.	Specialist health camps (25 camps)	125,000
5.	Miscellaneous expenditure	15,000
	Total	300,000

Consolidated Statement

S. No.	Particulars		Amount (Million Rupees)
1.	Income generation schemes
		(a) Individual loan programme	2.00
		(b) Garment production center	0.15
2.	Community infrastructure works		3.00
3.	Awareness building		0.30
	Total		5.45

City Level Investment Plan

In accordance with the concept visualised in the UNCHS programme, the city of Visakhapatnam has worked out a city level investment plan for improvement and upgradation of slum areas in the future. This has been concretised with the full participation of the community organisations who have themselves interfaced with the UCD department and prioritised their requirements in accordance with the felt needs of the communities living within the slums of the city. The plan clearly identifies the individual components as well as the finances required. The Plan is stratified into the following broad components:-

· Infrastructure
· Socio-economic development
· Educational programmes
· Training programmes
· Health and sanitation
· Social security measures

Table 4.5 City Level Investment Plan

Name of the Component	Estimated Investment (Million Rupees)
I. INFRASTRUCTURE
1. Water Supply	15.0
2. Roads	15.0
3. Drains	10.0
4. Street Lighting	2.5
5. Toilets	10.0
6. Multipurpose Community Halls	5.0
7. Night Shelter for Urban Foot Path Dwellers	1.0
Total	58.5
II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1. Financial Assistance to NGOs for UPA Programmes	2.0
2. Vocational Training Courses (SJSRY)	6.0
3. Self Employment Schemes (2000 Beneficiaries under SJSRY)	45.95
4. DWACUA groups (50 groups under SJSRY)	7.65
5. CMEY Programme (275 groups)	27.5
6. Thrift and Credit Programme	2.5
7. Craft Centres	6.00
Total	92.2
III. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES
1. Early Childhood Education	1.5
2. Supplementary Nutrition for Pre-School Children	2.0
3. Equipment for Pre-School Centres	0.5
4. Day Care Centres	0.5
5. Adult and Non-formal Education Centres	0.5
6. Supply of TVs	1.0
7. Supply of Library Books	0.2
8. Supply of Sports Equipments	0.3
9. Cultural Programmes & Exchange Visits	2.0
Total	8.5
IV. TRAINING PROGRAMMES
1. Gender Sensitization	0.3
2. Legal Literacy & Family Counseling	0.5
3. Leadership Trainings	0.5
4. Food & Nutrition Training Programme	0.2
5. Health Awareness & Environmental Sanitation	0.5
Total	2.0
V. HEALTH AND SANITATION
1. Primary Health Care Centres	3.5
2. Ambulance Services	1.0
3. Clinical Laboratory	0.5
4. Community Contracts for Sanitation (DWACUA)	5.0
5. Integrated Low Cost Sanitation	26.0
Total	36.0
OTHER SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES
1. National Oldage Pensions Scheme
2. National Family Benefit Fund Scheme
3. Balika Samrudhi Yojana
GRAND TOTAL	197.2