![]() | The Improvement of Tropical and Subtropical Rangelands (BOSTID) |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | ![]() | Panel on the improvement of tropical and subtropical rangelands |
![]() | ![]() | Contributors |
![]() | ![]() | National research council staff |
![]() | ![]() | Preface |
![]() | ![]() | Overview: Dimensions of a worldwide environmental crisis |
![]() | ![]() | The geographical scope |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Part I |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | The nature of tropical and subtropical rangelands |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Range classification |
![]() | ![]() | Social system-ecosystem interactions |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | The social context for rangeland improvement |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Production systems in tropical and subtropical regions |
![]() | ![]() | Context of environmental degradation |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | The economic context |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Range systems |
![]() | ![]() | The basis of range economics |
![]() | ![]() | Project analysis |
![]() | ![]() | Determining costs and benefits |
![]() | ![]() | Resource evaluation |
![]() | ![]() | Market price determination |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Regional resource assessment |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Information needs |
![]() | ![]() | Information acquisition |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Site evaluation |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | An ecosystem perspective |
![]() | ![]() | A systems approach to site evaluation |
![]() | ![]() | Evaluation of abiotic and biotic components |
![]() | ![]() | Integrated evaluations |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Grazing management |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Grazing management concepts |
![]() | ![]() | Time of grazing |
![]() | ![]() | Distribution of grazing |
![]() | ![]() | Type of animal grazing |
![]() | ![]() | Number of animals grazing |
![]() | ![]() | Grazing management planning |
![]() | ![]() | Grazing management systems |
![]() | ![]() | Livestock management |
![]() | ![]() | The herima system in Mali |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Rehabilitation techniques |
![]() | ![]() | Establishing plants on the range |
![]() | ![]() | Natural revegetation |
![]() | ![]() | Direct seeding |
![]() | ![]() | Improvement of tropical and subtropical rangelands |
![]() | ![]() | Selected practices |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Criteria for plant selection |
![]() | ![]() | Project planning |
![]() | ![]() | Socioeconomic and management considerations in feasibility studies |
![]() | ![]() | Adaptation to ecoclimatic conditions |
![]() | ![]() | Adaptation to soils |
![]() | ![]() | Adaptation to physiography, geomorphology, topography, slope, and aspect |
![]() | ![]() | Ability of introduced species to compete with native vegetation |
![]() | ![]() | Use regimes |
![]() | ![]() | Availability of seeds and plant materials |
![]() | ![]() | Maintenance of biological diversity |
![]() | ![]() | Plant improvement |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Part II |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction to the case studies |
![]() | ![]() | Pastoral regimes of Mauritania |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Physical geography |
![]() | ![]() | Migration cycle |
![]() | ![]() | The Beni Mguild of Morocco |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Physical geography |
![]() | ![]() | Migratory cycle |
![]() | ![]() | The Kel Tamasheq |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Camp organization |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Reproduction and risk |
![]() | ![]() | Management and labor |
![]() | ![]() | Subsistence production |
![]() | ![]() | Marketing |
![]() | ![]() | Predatory pastoralism |
![]() | ![]() | The future of camel pastoralism |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | The mountain nomads of Iran: Basseri and Bakhtiari |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | The physical environment |
![]() | ![]() | The basseri |
![]() | ![]() | The bakhtiari |
![]() | ![]() | The Marri Baluch of Pakistan |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Physical environment |
![]() | ![]() | Seasons and migrations |
![]() | ![]() | A mixed economic system |
![]() | ![]() | Conclusiones |
![]() | ![]() | Changing patterns of resource use in the Bedthi-Aghanashini valleys of Karnataka state, India |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | The setting |
![]() | ![]() | Human communities |
![]() | ![]() | Traditional patterns of resource management |
![]() | ![]() | Colonial period |
![]() | ![]() | After independence |
![]() | ![]() | Recent trends |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Kenya: Seeking remedies for desert encroachment |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Background |
![]() | ![]() | Traditional pastoralism |
![]() | ![]() | Baseline studies |
![]() | ![]() | Vegetation and livestock |
![]() | ![]() | Directions for the future |
![]() | ![]() | The hema system in the Arabian peninsula |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Rights of ownership or use |
![]() | ![]() | The hema system in Saudi Arabia |
![]() | ![]() | The mahmia or marah, and the koze system in Syria |
![]() | ![]() | Neglect of the hema and its consequences |
![]() | ![]() | Hema in the range improvement and conservation programs in the near east |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Wildlife land use at the Athi River, Kenya |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Background |
![]() | ![]() | Some early findings |
![]() | ![]() | Conclusion |
![]() | ![]() | Camel husbandry in Kenya: Increasing the productivity of ranchland |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Location |
![]() | ![]() | Vegetation |
![]() | ![]() | Livestock |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction of camels |
![]() | ![]() | Management and adaptability |
![]() | ![]() | Reproduction and lactation |
![]() | ![]() | Veterinary notes |
![]() | ![]() | Economics |
![]() | ![]() | Reference |
![]() | ![]() | The potential of faidherbia albida for desertification control and increased productivity in Chad |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Background |
![]() | ![]() | Characteristics of faidherbia albida |
![]() | ![]() | Project description |
![]() | ![]() | Project analysis and evaluation |
![]() | ![]() | Conclusions |
![]() | ![]() | References |
![]() | ![]() | Improving Nigeria's animal feed resources: Pastoralists and scientists cooperate in fodder bank research |
![]() | ![]() | Board on science technology for international development |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Members |
This report focuses on areas of low and undependable precipitation within the tropics and subtropics. (1) Much of the area is occupied by savannahs and thorn-bushlands, often characterized by a rich diversity of grasses. The prominence of grasses in tropical rangelands in many instances reflects the repeated use of fire in hunting or range renewal (Sauer, 1952), as well as the coevolution of grasses and wild herbivores (Harris, 1969). Substantial tracts of forest are associated with tropical rangelands in some regions; in others, extensive swamps created by the seasonal overbank flooding of exotic rivers are features of considerable regional importance.
Tropical rangelands differ greatly from rangelands in temperate regions, and social adaptations to these differences are reflected in the management of range resources. Differences of climate (Trewartha, 1954), soils (Sanchez, 1975), vegetation (Davy, 1938; French, 1957), and other environmental factors are well documented and generally well understood. The management of tropical rangelands is further affected by the prevalence of livestock diseases. Rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease, contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia, anthrax, east-coast fever, trypanosomiasis, and sheep pox have historically taken heavy tolls in the tropics (Pratt and Gwynne, 1977). Strategies to blunt the impact of disease include increasing livestock holdings to levels that assure the survival of a breeding nucleus. The relatively high levels of social, economic, and political differentiation within the tropics similarly affect the exploitation and management of range resources.