 | Energy after Rio - Prospects and Challenges - Executive Summary (UNDP, 1997, 38 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Acknowledgments |
| | Foreword |
| | Notes on the Authors and Contributors |
| | Abstract |
| | 1. Introduction |
|  | 2. Energy and Major Global Issues |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 2.1 Energy and Social Issues |
| | 2.1.1 Poverty |
| | 2.1.2 Gender Disparity |
| | 2.1.3 Population |
| | 2.1.4 Undernutrition and Food |
| | 2.2 Energy and Environment |
| | 2.2.1 Health |
| | 2.2.2 Acidification |
| | 2.2.3 Climate Change |
| | 2.2.4 Land Degradation |
| | 2.3 Energy and the Economy |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 2.3.1 Investment Requirements of Energy |
| | 2.3.2 Foreign Exchange Impacts of Energy Imports |
| | 2.4 Energy and Security |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 2.4.1 Energy and National Security |
| | 2.4.2 Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Weapons Proliferation |
| | 2.5 Energy and Global Issues: The Implications |
| | 3. New Opportunities in Energy Demand, Supply and Systems |
| | 3.1 Introduction |
| | 3.2 Demand Side: Energy and Energy-Intensive Materials Efficiency |
| | 3.3 Supply Side: Renewables and Clean Fossil Fuel Technologies |
| | 3.4 Fuels and Stoves for Cooking |
| | 4. Sustainable Strategies |
| | 4.1 Global Energy Scenarios |
| | 4.2 Implications for the Developing World |
| | 4.3 Implications for Energy Exporting Economies |
| | 4.4 Some General Implications of Sustainable Energy Systems |
| | 4.4.1 Energy and the Economy |
| | 4.4.2 Energy and Poverty |
| | 4.4.3 Creating Jobs |
| | 4.4.4 Women |
| | 4.4.5 Rural Development |
| | 4.4.6 Urban Development |
| | 4.4.7 Energy and the Environment |
| | 4.4.8 Energy and Security |
| | 4.5 Conclusions |
| | 5. Making It Happen: Energy for Sustainable Development |
| | Glossary of Abbreviations |
2.1.4 Undernutrition and Food
About 800 million people, approximately 15% of the population in developing countries, are undernourished. The elimination of chronic undernutrition will require at least: (i) elimination of poverty through jobs creation (and thereby better distribution of income), and (ii) increased food production. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) estimates that a 35% increase of recent food production in developing countries is required by the year 2010. This could be achieved by increasing crop yields, by a greater intensity of cropping and perhaps also by bringing new land into agricultural production.
the pattern of energy use influences population growth
Gastro-intestinal parasites can undermine nutritional status by consuming, perhaps as much as 10-15% of the food intake, often termed the “leaky bucket” syndrome. This problem has to be tackled by health care and the provision of safe water and a clean living environment.
Many measures are necessary such as the raising of incomes through employment generation, the provision of a healthy environment, and programmes of supplementary nutrition for vulnerable groups. Several of these measures are strongly energy-related and if energy is to contribute to the solution of the problem of undernutrition, the energy components of these measures must be built into development strategies.
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