Electrical Machines - Basic vocational knowledge (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 144 p.): 7. Single-phase alternating current motors: 7.4. Single-phase commutator motors (universal motors): 7.4.4. Technical data

Electrical Machines - Basic vocational knowledge (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 144 p.)

(introduction...)

Introduction

1. General information about electrical machines

1.1. Definition of terms

1.2. Types of electrical machines

1.3. Operations of electrical machines

1.4. System of rotating electrical machines (generators, motors, converters)

1.5. System of stationary electrical machines (transformers)

2. Basic principles

2.1. The magnetic field

2.1.1. Definition and presentation of the magnetic field

2.1.2. Magnets Magnetic field

2.1.3. Magnetic field of a current-carrying conductor

2.1.4. Magnetic field of a current-carrying coil

2.1.5. Magnetic fields in electrical machines

2.2. Measurable variables of the magnetic field

2.2.1. Magnetomotive force

2.2.2. Magnetic flow

2.2.3. Magnetic flow density

2.3. Force action of the magnetic field

2.3.1. Force action on cur rent-carrying conductors

2.3.2. Force action on current-carrying coils (motor principle)

2.4. Voltage generation through induction

2.4.1. General law of induction

2.4.2. Stationary induction (transformer principle)

2.4.3. Motional induction (generator principle)

3. Execution of rotating electrical machines

3.1. Size

3.2. Designs

3.2.1. Definition

3.2.2. Designation

3.3. Degree of protection

3.3.1. Definition

3.3.2. Designation

3.4. Cooling

3.4.1. Cooling category

3.4.2. Cooling category designation

3.5. Mode of operation

3.5.1. Definition

3.5.2. Operational mode designation

3.5.3. Frequent nominal cycle ratings

3.6. Heat resistance categories

3.7. Connection designations of electrical machines

3.7.1. Transformers

3.7.2. Rotating electrical machines

3.8. Rotating electrical machines in rotational sense

3.8.1. Clockwise rotation stipulation

3.8.2. Direct current machines

3.8.3. Alternating current and three-phase machines

3.9. Rating plate

4. Synchronous machines

4.1. Operating principles

4.1.1. Synchronous generator

4.1.2. Synchronous motor

4.2. Constructional assembly

4.2.1. Stator

4.2.2. Rotor

4.3. Operational behaviour

4.3.1. Synchronous generator

4.3.2. Synchronous motor

4.4. Use of synchronous machines

4.4.1. Synchronous generators

4.4.2. Synchronous motors

5. Asynchronous motors

5.1. Constructional assembly

5.2. Operating principles

5.2.1. Torque generation

5.2.2. Asynchronous principle

5.2.3. Slip

5.3. Operational behaviour

5.3.1. Start

5.3.2. Rating

5.3.3. Speed control

5.3.4. Rotational sense alteration

5.4. Circuit engineering

5.4.1. Starting connections

5.4.2. Dahlander pole-changing circuit (speed control)

5.4.3. Rotational reversing circuit

5.4.4. Braking circuits

5.5. Application

5.6. Characteristic values of squirrel cage motors

6. Direct current machines

6.1. Constructional assembly

6.2. Operating principles

6.2.1. Power generation (direct current motor)

6.2.2. Torque generation (direct current motor)

6.2.3. Armature reaction (rotor reaction)

6.2.4. Excitation

6.2.5. Value relations

6.3. Operational behaviour of direct current machines

6.3.1. Direct current generators

6.3.2. Direct current motors

6.4. Circuit engineering and operational features of customary direct current generators

6.4.1. Separate-excited direct current generator

6.4.2. Direct current shunt generator

6.5. Circuit engineering and operational features of customary direct current motors

6.5.1. Direct current motor with permanent excitation

6.5.2. Direct current series motor

6.5.3. Direct current shunt motor

7. Single-phase alternating current motors

(introduction...)

7.1. Single-phase asynchronous motors (single-phase induction motors)

(introduction...)

7.1.1. Assembly and operating principle

7.1.2. Operational behaviour

7.1.3. Technical data

7.2. Three-phase asynchronous motor in single-phase operation (capacitor motor)

7.2.1. Assembly and operating principle

7.2.2. Operational behaviour

7.3. Split pole motors

7.4. Single-phase commutator motors (universal motors)

7.4.1. Assembly

7.4.2. Operating principles

7.4.3. Operational behaviour

7.4.4. Technical data

8. Transformer

8.1. Transformer principle

8.1.1. Operating principle of a transformer

8.1.2. Voltage transformation

8.1.3. Current transformation

8.2. Operational behaviour of a transformer

8.2.1. Idling behaviour Idling features

8.2.2. Short-circuit behaviour

8.2.3. Loaded voltage behaviour

8.2.4. Efficiency

8.3. Three-phase transformer

8.3.1. Three-phase transformation with single-phase transformers

8.3.2. Three-phase transformers

8.3.3. Vector groups

8.3.4. Application of three-phase transformers in power supply

8.3.5. Parallel operation of transformers

8.3.6. Technical data of customary transformers

7.4.4. Technical data

Foot commutator motors

Figure 123 - Dimensional images of a foot commutator motor (e.g. 70/IM 1001)

(1) Length side, (2) Drive side, 1;2 Variable

Survey 18 - Characteristic values of foot commutator motors

Design/nominal size	Rated current	Rated speed	Power input	Power output
	A	rpm	W	W
70/IM 1001	0.2	3000	30	12
	0.15	3000	27.5	16
	0.11	5000	25	12
	0.27	5000	48	25
87/IM 1001	0.26	3000	57	25
	0.48	3000	85	40
	0.55	3000	92	50
	0.45	5000	95	40
	0.36	5000	140	80
	0.78	8000	165	100
	1.1	8000	210	125
119/IM 1001	1.2	3000	180	125
	1.7	5000	300	200
	2.2	8000	450	320

Flange commutator motors

Figure 124 - Dimensional images of a flange commutator motor (e.g. 70/IM 3001)

(1) Length side, (2) Drive side, 1;2 Variable, (3) Earthing screw

Survey 19 - Characteristic values of flange commutator motors

Design/nominal size	Rated current	Rated speed	Power input	Power output
	A	rpm	W	W
70/IM 3001	0.2	3000	30	12
	0.15	3000	27.5	16
	0.11	5000	25	12
	0.27	5000	48	25
87/IM 3001	0.26	3000	57	25
	0.48	3000	85	40
without terminal boxes	0.45	5000	95	40
	0.78	8000	165	100
87/IM 3001	0.55	3000	92	50
with terminal boxes	0.63	5000	140	80
	1.1	8000	210	125
119/IM 3001	1.2	3000	180	125
	1.7	5000	300	200
	2.2	8000	450	320

Built-in commutator motors

Survey 20 - Characteristic values of built-in commutator motors

Design/nominal size	Rated voltage (Ws)	Rated current	Power input	Power output	Speed
	V	A	W	W	rpm
Nominal sizes	220	0.6	105	50	3000
		0.72	125	63	3000
		0.86	165	80	3000
87/IM 5001		0.85	150	80	5000
		1.0	175	100	5000
		1.2	200	125	5000
		1.2	235	125	8000
		1.3	260	160	8000
		1.65	315	200	8000
Nominal sizes	220	0.13	24	6	3000
		0.17	28	8	3000
		0.20	31	10	3000
52/IM 5001		0.18	37	10	5000
		0.18	39	12	5000
		0.25	47	16	5000
		0.24	49	16	8000
		0.30	55	20	8000
		0.29	58	25	8000

Questions for repetition and control

1. How does a single-phase induction motor generate its rotating field?

2. Explain the operation of a three-phase asynchronous motor through a single-phase mains.

3. Explain the efficiency principles of the universal motor torque.

4. What must be heeded if a motor which had been connected to the alternating voltage mains, is to be driven by direct current?