![]() | Handbook for Emergencies - Second Edition (UNHCR, 1999, 414 p.) |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Using the Handbook |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Abbreviations |
![]() | ![]() | UNHCR's Mission Statement |
![]() | ![]() | 1. Aim and Principles of Response |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Definition and Aim |
![]() | ![]() | Responsibilities |
![]() | ![]() | Principles of Response |
![]() | ![]() | 2. Protection |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Protection in Emergencies |
![]() | ![]() | Initial Actions |
![]() | ![]() | Physical Safety of Refugees |
![]() | ![]() | Emergencies as a Result of Changes in Government Policy |
![]() | ![]() | Other Persons of Concern to UNHCR |
![]() | ![]() | Durable Solutions |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 3. Emergency Management |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | The Key Emergency Management Functions |
![]() | ![]() | Stages in Refugee Emergency Operations |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | 4. Contingency Planning |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Planning as a Process |
![]() | ![]() | Contingency Planning Tasks |
![]() | ![]() | Characteristics of a Good Plan |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 5. Initial Assessment, Immediate Response |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Organizing the Assessment |
![]() | ![]() | Immediate Response |
![]() | ![]() | Protection and Material Assistance |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 6. Operations Planning |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Operations Planning Tasks |
![]() | ![]() | Allocation of Responsibilities |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 7. Coordination and Site Level Organization |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Coordination |
![]() | ![]() | Organization at the Site Level |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 8. Implementing Arrangements |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Implementing Arrangements |
![]() | ![]() | Implementing Procedures |
![]() | ![]() | Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation |
![]() | ![]() | Special Considerations |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 9. External Relations |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Relations with Government and Diplomatic Corps |
![]() | ![]() | Relations with the Media |
![]() | ![]() | Funding and Donor Relations |
![]() | ![]() | Formal Written Communications |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 10. Community Services and Education |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Organizing Community Services |
![]() | ![]() | Human Resources |
![]() | ![]() | Family Tracing and Reunification |
![]() | ![]() | Groups at Risk and Vulnerable Groups |
![]() | ![]() | Education |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 11. Population Estimation and Registration |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Population Estimates |
![]() | ![]() | Registration |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 12. Site Selection, Planning and Shelter |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Organization of Response |
![]() | ![]() | Criteria for Site Selection |
![]() | ![]() | Site Planning: General Considerations |
![]() | ![]() | Site Planning: Specific Infrastructure |
![]() | ![]() | Shelter |
![]() | ![]() | Reception and Transit Camps |
![]() | ![]() | Public Buildings and Communal Facilities |
![]() | ![]() | 13. Commodity Distribution |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | When to start distribution |
![]() | ![]() | Choosing a Commodity Distribution System |
![]() | ![]() | Components of Distribution Systems |
![]() | ![]() | The Role of Refugee Women |
![]() | ![]() | Monitoring |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | 14. Health |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Health Assessment, Planning, Monitoring and Surveillance |
![]() | ![]() | Main Health Programmes |
![]() | ![]() | Organization of Refugee Health Care |
![]() | ![]() | Human Resources and Coordination |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 15. Food and Nutrition |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Organization of Food Support |
![]() | ![]() | Nutritional Assessments |
![]() | ![]() | General Feeding Programme |
![]() | ![]() | Selective Feeding Programmes |
![]() | ![]() | Infant Feeding and use of Milk Products |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 16. Water |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Assessment and Organization |
![]() | ![]() | The Need |
![]() | ![]() | Immediate Response |
![]() | ![]() | Water Supply Systems |
![]() | ![]() | Water Sources |
![]() | ![]() | Pumping Equipment |
![]() | ![]() | Treatment |
![]() | ![]() | Storage |
![]() | ![]() | Distribution |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | 17. Environmental Sanitation |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Basic Principles And Standards |
![]() | ![]() | Human Resources And Organization |
![]() | ![]() | Human Excretia Disposal |
![]() | ![]() | Solid Wastes |
![]() | ![]() | Wastewater |
![]() | ![]() | Pest and Vector Control |
![]() | ![]() | General Hygiene |
![]() | ![]() | Disposal Of The Dead |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 18. Supplies and Transport |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Organization of the Supply Chain |
![]() | ![]() | Supplies |
![]() | ![]() | Transport |
![]() | ![]() | Reception of Goods |
![]() | ![]() | Storage |
![]() | ![]() | Stock Management |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 19. Voluntary Repatriation |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Overview |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | UNHCR's Role in Voluntary Repatriation |
![]() | ![]() | Conditions For a Voluntary Repatriation |
![]() | ![]() | On Route |
![]() | ![]() | On Arrival in Country of Origin |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 20. Administration, Staffing and Finance |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Emergency Staffing |
![]() | ![]() | Budget and Finance |
![]() | ![]() | Non-Expendable Property and Office Supplies |
![]() | ![]() | Office Premises |
![]() | ![]() | Official Transport |
![]() | ![]() | Office Organization |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 21. Communications |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Communications Management |
![]() | ![]() | Telecommunications |
![]() | ![]() | UNHCR Telecommunications Network Field Preparations |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Annexes |
![]() | ![]() | 22. Coping with Stress |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Identifying Stress Symptoms |
![]() | ![]() | Techniques for dealing with Stress |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | 23. Staff Safety |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | The UN Security System |
![]() | ![]() | Essential Plans |
![]() | ![]() | Security |
![]() | ![]() | Security Management |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | 24. Working with the Military |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Introduction |
![]() | ![]() | Categories of Military Forces |
![]() | ![]() | Possible Roles of Military Forces in Humanitarian Operations |
![]() | ![]() | Coordination Between Military Forces and Civilian Agencies |
![]() | ![]() | Key References |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 1 - Catalogue of Emergency Response Resources |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 2 - Toolbox |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 3 - Memoranda |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 4 - Glossary |
1. Contingency planning can be defined as:
A forward planning process, in a state of uncertainty, in which scenarios and objectives are agreed, managerial and technical actions defined, and potential response systems put in place in order to prevent, or better respond to, an emergency.
2.
It is important to consider contingency planning as a planning process from which a: contingency plan is drawn. |
The planning process involves a group of people or organizations working together on an ongoing basis to identify shared objectives and define respective responsibilities and actions.
3. Contingency planning is a pre-requisite for rapid and effective emergency response. Without prior contingency planning much time will be lost in the first days of an emergency. Contingency planning builds organizational capacity and should become a foundation for operations planning and emergency response.
When to Plan
4. In most cases field workers will know simply from experience and good knowledge of the current situation when it is prudent to plan.
5. There is no rule as to when to start contingency planning - except that, when in doubt, develop a contingency plan.
It is better to plan when it is not needed than not to have planned when; it was necessary. |
Early Warning
6. Early warning signs of a potential critical event should trigger a contingency planning process. Early warning is the collection, analysis and use of information in order to better understand the current situation as well as likely future events. The particular focus is on events which might lead to population displacement. Early warning can come from a wide range of sources: governments, local population, political leaders, media, academia, refugees, international and national organizations.
7. The collection and analysis of early warning information should be integrated into the routine work of UNHCR offices. Regular monitoring and reporting, in a consistent format, is an important means to ensure that trends and patterns are recorded and that any changes indicating population displacements are spotted.
8.
Where early warning information indicates the threat of a refugee emergency, contingency planning should be started automatically. |
9. The most common emergency threat for UNHCR is a new influx or sudden increase in a refugee population. However, contingency planning should also take place in the midst of an existing operation. For example, contingency plans may be needed for a possible renewed influx, a natural disaster affecting a camp, an epidemic, an attack on a camp, violence in a camp, sudden spontaneous repatriation, or a security threat to staff or premises. In these situations the realities of the ongoing operation are well known, but contingency plans must be made for future developments for which one needs to be prepared.