Environmental Handbook Volume II: Agriculture, Mining/Energy, Trade/Industry (GTZ, 1995, 736 p.): Agriculture: 27. Plant production: 4. Interaction with other sectors

Environmental Handbook Volume II: Agriculture, Mining/Energy, Trade/Industry (GTZ, 1995, 736 p.)

(introduction...)

Agriculture

27. Plant production

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

28. Plant protection

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

29. Forestry

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

Annex: Glossary of selected terms

30. Livestock farming

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

31. Veterinary services

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

32. Fisheries and aquaculture

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

33. Agricultural engineering

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

34. Irrigation

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

Mining and energy

35. Reconnaissance, prospection and exploration of geological resources

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

36. Surface mining

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

37. Underground mining

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

38. Minerals-handling and processing

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

39. Petroleum and natural gas - Exploration, production, handling, storage

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

40. Coking plants, coal-to-gas plants, gas production and distribution

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

41. Thermal power stations

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

7. Appendices

42. Power transmission and distribution

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts and on occupational safety standards

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

43. Renewable sources of energy

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

Trade and industry

44. Nitrogenous fertilisers (raw materials, ammonia and urea production)

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

45. Nitrogenous fertilisers (starting materials and end products)

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

46. Cement and lime, gypsum

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

47. Ceramics - Fine, utilitarian and industrial

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

48. Glass

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

49. Iron and steel

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interactions with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environment relevance

6. References

50. Non-ferrous metals

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

51. Mechanical engineering, workshops, shipyards

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

52. Agro-industry

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

53. Slaughterhouses and meat processing

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

54. Mills handling cereal crops

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

55. Vegetable oils and fats

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

56. Sugar

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

57. Timber, sawmills, wood processing and wood products

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

58. Pulp and paper

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

4. Interaction with other sectors

5. Summary assessment of environmental relevance

6. References

Appendix A: Tables

Appendix B: Glossary

59. Textile processing

1. Scope

2. Environmental impacts and protective measures

3. Notes on the analysis and evaluation of environmental impacts

6. References

4. Interaction with other sectors

Plant production always has impacts on the environment, either directly or through its links with other areas. By virtue of its objectives and impacts it has particularly close links with the following areas featured in farming systems:

- Plant protection
- Forestry
- Livestock farming
- Aquaculture
- Agricultural engineering
- Irrigation

The objectives pursued in these sectors (see relevant environmental briefs) may be compatible with those of plant production, have no bearing on them or conflict with them. In the same way, impacts of plant production may be increased, reduced or offset by measures in these areas. When assessments are being carried out, attention must be paid to the possibility that impacts generated by activities in different areas could have a cumulative effect and thereby increase the amount of damage done. Such processes can be regulated with the aid of research and advisory work, backed up by instruments in fields such as legislation, poverty alleviation, self-help and advancement of women.

If plant production is on a scale extending beyond subsistence level, it also has links with agroindustry. Sinking of wells as part of schemes to provide rural water supplies can accelerate the desertification process, which has disastrous consequences for plant production.

As many countries require an increasing amount of land for settlement, transport systems, trade and industry and sometimes have to meet this need by developing areas formerly used for plant production, conflicts inevitably arise (spatial and regional planning, location planning, transport and traffic, large-scale hydraulic engineering). Although improvement of the transport system facilitates access to inputs (fertilisers, workshops) and sale of produce, land development within natural ecosystems can accelerate the destruction of such systems. The need for erosion control measures generally arises as a result of erosion caused by forms of cropping inappropriate to the site concerned. The availability of renewable energy sources and compostable domestic waste can also be of importance for plant production.