Annex 1: The process of research and consultation

all text © Commonwealth Foundation

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Canadian Council for International Co-operation, 1992. Key Principles Guiding Re-definition of NGO-CIDA Relations

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Christian Aid, London, 1991. Government monitoring of NGOs

Christian Aid, London, June 1988. British Council of Churches/Christian Aid: India Policy Paper

Christian Aid, London, March 1990. British Council of Churches/Christian Aid: Caribbean Policy Paper

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Clark John. In PRIA Newsletter No. 39, New Delhi, July 1992. Role of NGOs: Review of Democratising Development ( ex-Oxfam)

Commonwealth Foundation, London, 1992. Report of the First Commonwealth NGO Forum

Commonwealth Foundation, London, September 1988. Reports of the Symposia for the Formation of Commonwealth NGO Liaison Units: A conspectus of the Five regional Symposia

Commonwealth Secretariat , London, January 1978. From Government to Grassroots: Report of the Advisory Committee on relationships between the official and unofficial Commonwealth

Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1989. Strategic Issues in Development Management; Learning from Successful Experiences: Report of Workshop on training for NGOs, November/December 1988

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Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1991. A Strategy for Training Indigenous NGOs: Training of Development Initiators

Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1991. Strengthening Indigenous Community Initiatives: The Development Initiators Programme

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Dennis Carolyne, University of Bradford. Undated. Strategic and practical issues of the development role of NGOs in the 1990s

Desrochers John, Wielenga Bastiaan and Patel Vibhuti, Centre for Social Action, Bangalore, I991. Social Movements; Towards a Perspective

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Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, June 1992. Treaty for NGO Co-operation and Sharing of Resources

Edna C, publisher not stated, Manila, 1990. NGOs: Metaphysics, Praxis and Lessons on Development Work: Towards a Participatory Service

Elliott Charles, Commonwealth Secretariat, October 1991. The role of Non-Governmental Organisations in human resource development

Ellis Patricia, publisher not stated. March 1990. From survival to development: The contributions of Non-governmental organisations in the Caribbean

ESCAP, Bangkok, 1994. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific July 1994 NGO Symposium on Social Development

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Fowler Alan. In Development Policy Review, Vol. 9, Sage Publishers, London, 1991. The role of NGOs in changing state-society relations: Perspectives from East and Southern Africa

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Harrison John, publisher not stated, Barbados, April 1990. Extract from BDD (British Development Division)/ODA discussion paper on Poverty-orientated projects

Harrison John, publisher not stated. Undated. Creative Tension: Governments and the changing role of NGOs

Havers Mark, University of Durham. Undated. Supporting the informal sector: NGOs as agencies for small enterprise Development

Hellinger Doug. In World Development, Vol. 15, 1987. NGOs and large aid donors
Hellinger Steve and Hellinger Doug, Development Group for Alternative Policies, Washington DC. Undated. Guidelines for collaboration between major donors and third world NGOs

Holloway Richard, PACT Bangladesh, 1993. NGOs: What they are, what they do, and how nations can benefit from their work

Hudson Robert, paper given at the Congress of the Australian Council of Social Service, Canberra 1992. Privatisation: Who pays ? Who profits ?

ICVA, Geneva. Undated. Relations between Southern and Northern NGOs: Policy Guidelines

Industry Commission, Melbourne, 1994. Charitable organisations in Australia: An inquiry into community social welfare organisations Jamela Sibongile. In Voices from Africa: Issue No. 2, NGOs and Grassroots Development, United Nations Non-governmental Liaison Service, Geneva, 1990. The Challenges Facing African NGOs: A Case Study Approach

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Legaspi Perla E, National Conference on Public Administration, Manila, June 1992. Non- governmental organisations as alternative channels for service delivery

Lesotho Council of Non-Governmental Organisations, Maseru, 1993. Lesotho Non-Governmental Organisations+ Code of Conduct

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Michael KJ Fr., publisher not stated, Bangalore, India. Undated. Evolution of Development Understanding

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Moyo Sam, ZERO Working Paper No. 1, Harare, 1991. NGO Advocacy in Zimbabwe: Systematising an old function or inventing a new role ?

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Mwaniki John, IRED, Harare, 1993. Some General Comments on NGOs in Africa: Notes on the general situation of NGOs in a number of Commonwealth and non-Commonwealth countries in Africa

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Annex 2: List of those submitting information, consulted, or responding

A plan of action

As noted in Chapter 1 (paragraph 1.3) the Guidelines set out in the previous chapters should be seen not as a prescription but as a set of principles and goals to which those involved in or with NGOs can aspire. They represent a common foundation on which individual organisations and countries can build their own unique policies and practices. How can this be done?

Implicit or explicit in the Guidelines has been the principle of partnership. It is essential for any programme of implementation of the Guidelines to be guided by the same principle. The final Guideline concerns implementation.

Guideline 18: Implementation

18/1 Collaborative action:

Working in partnership, NGOs, government, funders and (where appropriate) externally-based operational agencies working in each country should work towards the implementation of the Guidelines by establishing a representative working party to consider and report on:

- how existing policies and practices concerning NGOs in the country compare to those proposed in the Guidelines;

- how the Guidelines would need to be developed in order to be relevant and appropriate in the country;

- what changes to existing policies and practices of all parties concerned would be needed, how such changes could be achieved, and over what time-scale.

18/2 Individual action:

Working in close association with the national working party and in line with its report, the government, individual NGOs, funders and externally-based operational agencies should adopt and implement the Guidelines relevant to them.

18/3 Action by the Commonwealth Foundation:

As well as publishing this document in full, the Commonwealth Foundation should:

- seek the endorsement and commitment of the 1995 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting to the document and Guidelines it sets out;

- seek the endorsement and commitment of international agencies and non-Commonwealth governments to the document and the Guidelines it sets out;

- promote, support and make financial assistance available to enable NGOs and other relevant parties, including governments, to carry out the implementation proposals set out in 18/1 and 18/2 above and take such other actions as may assist in the implementation of the
Guidelines;

- prepare, publish and disseminate a booklet which distils the essence of the full document and Guidelines.

all text © Commonwealth Foundation

Annex 1: The process of research and consultation

The process of research and consultation which has led to the production of Non-Governmental Organisations: Guidelines for Good Policy and Practice began in November 1992, when:

- an information note was prepared and circulated, through the Commonwealth Liaison Units of the Commonwealth Foundation, and other NGOs; the first of a series of meetings in selected Commonwealth countries to seek views and information was convened. (These meetings are listed in Annex 2).

The text of the information note was as follows:

In response to proposals made at the First Commonwealth NGO Forum held in Zimbabwe in August 1991, the Commonwealth Foundation has commissioned a research project which will aim, on a Commonwealth-wide basis:

- to gather information about the roles and functions fulfilled by NGOs in society today, and the manner in which they carry out their work; to gather information about the forms of relationship that exist between NGOs and their funders, their beneficiaries, government agencies, and other NGOs and organisations in society; to gather views from interested parties about important issues concerning NGO functioning and relationships, including existing published material; on the basis of the information and views gathered, to prepare a draft NGO Charter which identifies good practice in the field of NGO functioning and relationships.

The research commenced late in 1992 and will take up to one year. It aims to gather information and views from NGOs (including those designated as Commonwealth Liaison Units (CLUs)), government and other agencies in as many Commonwealth countries as possible. A substantial amount of literature has already been collected.

To supplement and add detail to this, interviews and consultative round-table workshops are being carried out by the researchers in a small number of Commonwealth countries. Countries in which such meetings have taken place, or are to take place early in 1993 include India, Solomon Islands, Zimbabwe, Canada, the United Kingdom and Jamaica.

In addition, the Commonwealth Foundation will be including discussion of the proposed Charter on the agenda of a series of regional workshops being held in the first half of 1993 in the Caribbean, West Africa, Pacific and Asian regions.

If you have material relevant to the research, please contact Colin Ball or Leith Dunn.

Information was collected and individual and group consultations (individuals consulted are also listed in Annex 2) carried out throughout 1993 and into 1994.

In early 1994 a First Consultative Draft of this document was prepared by the researchers. It was published by the Commonwealth Foundation in May 1994 and widely circulated through Commonwealth Liaison Units and other organisations, including all Commonwealth governments, under the title Non-Governmental Organisations in the Commonwealth: Guidelines for Good Policy and Practice. Recipient individuals and organisations were strongly encouraged to circulate the draft as widely as possible, and to make responses which would inform the production of the second draft.

In May 1994 planning for the Second Commonwealth NGO Forum, to be held in New Zealand in June 1995, began, with the first meeting of a Task Force brought together by the Commonwealth Foundation to assist in planning and preparing for the event. At this meeting the researchers led a discussion on the first consultative draft. It was agreed that:

- the Second Forum should "...finalise and approve the...document (presently) entitled Non- Governmental Organisations in the Commonwealth: Guidelines for Good Policy and Practice..." a detailed discussion of the document by the Task Force should take place at a later meeting, in the light of feedback received in response to the circulation of the first draft. It was hoped that for this discussion the Task Force would be joined by a small number of other experts in NGO matters.

Responses to the first consultative draft were received throughout the second half of 1994, and were collated and summarised by the researchers. In February 1995, the final meeting of the Task Force in New Zealand was followed by a two-day workshop specially convened to discuss the first draft and the responses to it received by that time. For this workshop, the Task Force were joined by other experts in NGO matters, and those attending are listed at Annex 2.

Immediately following the workshop this Second Consultative Draft was produced by the researchers. It was circulated for comment and responses by the Commonwealth Foundation in April 1995. A volume of amendments proposed in response was prepared for the Second Commonwealth NGO Forum, which was held in Wellington, New Zealand, from 18 to 23 June 1995.

The Forum endorsed the Guidelines and it is hoped that the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting to be held in New Zealand later in 1995, will do the same.

Annex 2: List of those submitting information, consulted or responding

Consultations were carried out:

- as part of the agenda of a series of Regional Commonwealth Liaison
Unit Planning Workshops held during 1993/94 in:

Solomon Islands (Pacific region), February 1993
Bangladesh (Asia region), March/April 1993
The Gambia (West Africa sub-region), May 1993
Guyana (Caribbean/Canada and Europe regions), August 1993
Uganda (East and Southern Africa sub-region), February 1994
- at meetings convened specifically to discuss NGOs in the Commonwealth held between November 1992 and May 1993 in:

Britain (convened by the Commonwealth Trust)
Canada (convened by the Delphi Group and Royal Commonwealth Society)
Jamaica (convened by the Association of Development Agencies)
Solomon Islands (convened by the Development Services Exchange)
Zimbabwe (convened by the National Association of Non-Governmental Organisations)

A meeting at which representatives of NGOs based in New Delhi, India discussed the first consultative draft with Sir Richard Luce, Chairman of the Commonwealth Foundation, was held in early 1995.

The following were consulted individually, and/or submitted information or views during the preparation of the first consultative draft in 1994:

Peggy Antrobus, Women and Development Unit, University of the West Indies, Barbados
Abdullah Malim Baginda, formerly Director of Social Welfare, Malaysia
Claire Ball, Help Age International, Barbados
Abraham Beanisia, Solomon Islands Development Trust, Solomon Islands
Mrs H Bedi, Community Aid Abroad, India
Norma Shorey Bryan, Canadian International Development Agency, Barbados
Mrs Chakadini, Ministry of Social Welfare, Zimbabwe
Embert Charles, Folk Research Centre, St. Lucia
Matthew Cherian, Oxfam Bridge, India
Chris Chevalier, Save the Children Fund, Solomon Islands
Rose Chinheno, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zimbabwe
Rudo M Chitiga, IRED, Zimbabwe
Tadeous Chivaba, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zimbabwe
Edward Cumberbatch, Caribbean Council of Churches, Barbados
Janet Cupidon, Council of Voluntary Social Services, Jamaica
Noel D'Silva, Jeevan Nirwaha Niketan, India
John Fowler, Commonwealth Youth Programme
Joan French, Caribbean Policy Development Centre, Barbados
Cherry Gallo, Solomon Islands Planned Parenthood Association,
Solomon Islands
Ron Green, Small Projects Assistance Team, Dominica
Mostyn Habu, Ministry of Natural Resources, Solomon Islands
Chris Henderson, Delphi Group, Canada
Mark Henley, Port Employment Project, Australia
Richard Holloway, PACT/PRIP, Bangladesh
Annie Homelo, Young Women s Christian Association, Solomon Islands
Rob Johnson, Consultant, Australia
Philip Joinisia, Development Services Exchange, Solomon Islands
Dennis Jones, Association of National Development Agencies, Belize
George Joseph, Centre for Social Action, India
Manju Kala, Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development, India
Subhashini Kohli, Sasha Association of Craft Producers, India
Pauline Knight, Planning Institute of Jamaica, Jamaica
Ezra Mbogori, MWENGO, Zimbabwe (formerly at the Undugu Society, Kenya)
Colin McDonald, Caribbean Network for Integrated Rural Development, Trinidad and Tobago
Fr Michael KJ, Janodaya Trust, India
A D Mukwewa, Ministry of Social Welfare, Zimbabwe
John Mwaniki, IRED, Zimbabwe
Gemma Tang Nain, Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action, Trinidad and Tobago
Peter Ngobese, ZERO, Zimbabwe
Ivaline Nickie, Caribbean People s Development Agency, St. Vincent
Garth Nowland-Foreman, Australian Council of Social Service, Australia
Paul Nyathi, Zimbabwe Project, Zimbabwe
Bolaji Ogunseye, International Institute for Environment and
Development, Britain
Ingrid O'Marde, Canadian University Service Overseas, Antigua
Pravin Patkar, TATA Institute of Social Sciences, India
David Pell, Community Business Centre, Canada
Philip Pupukar, Greenpeace, Solomon Islands
Vanda Radzik, Red Thread, Guyana
William Roe, formerly CEI Consultants, Britain
Russell Rollason, Australian Council for Overseas Aid, Australia
Professor Elsa Leo Rhynie, Centre for Gender and Development Studies, Jamaica
Roderick Sanatan, Caribbean Community and Common Market, Guyana
Joseph Junior Scaria, Co-ordinating Committee for Vulnerable Children, India
Prunella Scarlett, Commonwealth Trust, Britain
Rajesh Tandon, Society for Participatory Research in Asia, India
Selena Tapper, Canadian University Service Overseas, Jamaica
Alan Teli, SIART, Solomon Islands
David Thompson, National SkillShare Association, Australia
Laila Tyabji, DASTKAR Association of Craft Producers, India
Joseph Waleanisia, University of the South Pacific
Judith Wedderburn, Association of Development Agencies, Jamaica
Sarah Williams, National Council for Voluntary Child Care Organisations, Britain
Senator Maxine Henry Wilson, Office of the Prime Minister, Jamaica
Greg Zador, World University Service, Canada
Valentine Ziswa, Ecumenical Co-operative and Development Service, Zimbabwe

Responses to the first consultative draft were received from the following in the period up to February 1995:

ActionAid (Britain): Janet Williamson, Policy and Research Assocation of NGOs - Aotearoa (New Zealand): Robert Reid, Chairperson
Association of Professional Bodies of Nigeria: O M Adesanya, Secretary-General
Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development (India): P M Tripathi
CARE Canada: Judith Sullivan, Health Adviser
Centre for Women s Development Studies (India): Narayan Banerjee
Commonwealth Engineers Council: J A Whitwell, Director, Education Training and Membership
Commonwealth Liaison Unit of Barbados: B Taylor
Commonwealth Liaison Unit Cyprus: Chr Karakannas, President
Commonwealth Liaison Unit, East Zone, India: c/o Women's Co-ordinating Council: Aloka Mitra
Commonwealth Trust (Britain): Prunella Scarlett
Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Associations (Uganda):
Ikoja Odongo Jr, Programme Officer Resource Centre
Development Services Exchange (Solomon Islands): Paul Miles
Department of Environment and Conservation/ United Nations
Development Programme (Papua New Guinea): Benjamin Gewebing, NGO Facilitator
Dhaka Ahsania Mission (Bangladesh): Md Zia Uddin, Executive Director
East-West Center (Cook Islands): Ron Crocombe
Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Britain): G C Livesey, Commonwealth Co-ordination Department
Forum on Sustainable Agriculture (Botswana): R Kashweeka
Health Canada: Jean Lariviere MD, Senior Medical Adviser
Hong Kong Council Of Social Service: Miss Kay Ku, Assistant Director (Development)
Intermediate Technology (Britain): John Twigg, Institutional Relations Unit
Liaison Unit of Non-Governmental Organisations of Seychelles: E C D Esparon, Secretary/Manager
Loughborough University of Technology: Professor A J Evans, President, Commonwealth Library Association
Malta High Commission: Dr H J Bonavia, for High Commissioner
Mauritius Council of Social Service: H Hurrynag, Secretary Manager
Ministry for Human Services and Health (Australia): Dr Carmen Lawrence, Minister
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Maldives): Mohamed Nashid, Deputy Director, International Affairs
Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance (Cyprus): K Sammad, Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Zambia): N l Zimba MP (Minister)
Ministry of National Health and Welfare (Canada): Diane Marleau, Minister of Health
Ministry of Planning, Human Resources and Environment (Republic of Maldives): Asim Ahmed, Assistant Director, Programmes
National Alliance of NGOs (Papua New Guinea): Bobogi Anoh, Administrative Officer
National Council of Social Service (Singapore): Koh Mui In, International Relations
National Council of Social Service (Singapore): S Vivakanandan, Divisional Manager, Planning Division
National Environmental Education Project (Malaysia): John Pillai, Project Co-ordinator
National SkillShare Association (Australia): David Thompson, Chief Executive Officer
Nigerian Agency for Voluntary Development Organisations: A M Sharta, President
Overseas Service Bureau (Australia): Bill Armstrong, Executive Director
PACT, Bangladesh: Richard Holloway, Executive Director
Pakistan High Commission, London: Masroor A Junejo, First Secretary (CW)
Planning Institute of Jamaica: A D Collier, for Acting Director-General
Professional Centre of Australia (formerly Science Centre Foundation): Ruth J Inall, Executive Director
Royal Society for Mentally Handicapped Children and Adults (Britain): Gail Stewardson, European Officer
Tamaki Makau Rau Auckland UNCED Earth Summit Committee (New Zealand): Simon Reeves, Co-Convener
The Central Council of Social Services (Sri Lanka): A Jayawardhana, Executive Director
The Samoan Association of NGOs: L J Dunlop
Tools for Self Reliance (Britain): Glyn Roberts, Co-ordinator
Trinidad & Tobago Association of Village & Community Councils: A Z Pascall, Chairman
Trinidad & Tobago Society of Planners: Asad Mohammed, Vice-President
Trust for Voluntary Organisations (Pakistan): Anis A Dani, Chief Executive
Voluntary Service Overseas (Britain): Sarah Mistry, Regional Programme Manager, West Africa
Voluntary Services Unit, Home Office (London): D J Hardwick
Volunteer Service Abroad (New Zealand): Ms Barbara Mildenhall, Director
Water for Survival (New Zealand): John La Roche
World Vision (Britain): Alan Waites, Public Policy

A two-day workshop to discuss the first consultative draft and responses to it was held in Wellington, New Zealand from 16 to 17 February 1995. The participants at this workshop were:

Africa:
Mariama Ashcroft, The Gambia Women s Finance Organisation, The Gambia Ezra Mbogori, MWENGO, Zimbabwe

Asia:
Jagadananda, Centre for Youth and Social Development, India

Caribbean/Canada:
Leith Dunn, NGO Guidelines co-author/researcher, Jamaica Ian Smillie, formerly Director, CUSO and Development Consultant, Canada

Europe:
Colin Ball, NGO Guidelines co-author/researcher, Britain

Pacific:
Sue Bradford, The People s Centre, New Zealand David Cuthbert, ANGOA, New Zealand
Garth Nowland-Foreman, formerly Director, ACOSS, Australia

Commonwealth Secretariat:
Terence Dormer, NGO Desk Officer

Commonwealth Foundation:
Dr Humayun Khan, Director
Don Clarke, Deputy Director
Diana Bailey, Programme Officer

Prior to and during the Second Commonwealth NGO Forum held in June 1995, responses to the second consultative draft were received from:

African Development Bank: A I Jituboh, Director, Co-operation Department
Aga Khan Foundation, Pakistan: Shoaib Sultan Khan, Senior Adviser - Rural Development
Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh: Khushi Kabir
Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development, India: Sanjoy Ghose
Australian Council for Overseas Aid: Janet Hunt, Director
Canadian Universities Service Overseas, Caribbean Regional Office: Dorothy Hollingsworth, Programme Officer
Caribbean Natural Resources Institute: Yves Renard, Executive Director
Caribbean Peoples Development Agency: Glenroy Browne, Interim Director
Centre for Documentation, Research and Training on the South-West Indian Ocean, Mauritius: Pynee Chellapermal, Director
Commonwealth Liaison Unit, West Zone, India: Mohini Mathur, President
Commonwealth Medical Association: John Havard, Secretary
Cook Islands Association of Non-Governmental Organisations
Council of Voluntary Social Services, Jamaica: Janet Cupidon Quallo
Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Associations, Uganda: Sammy Ogar, Research and Policy Analysis
Development Services Exchange, Solomon Islands: Paul Miles
Federation of Voluntary Organisations for Rural Development in Karnataka, India: Augustine Kaunds, Executive Officer
Federation of Workers Educational Associations in Aotearoa New Zealand
Institute for Socio-Economic Development, India: Balaji Pandey, Director John Ang, NGO Forum representative, Singapore
Lesotho Council of Non-Governmental Organisations: Caleb Nchafatso Sello, Executive Director
Lokal Envaironmen Foundesen, Papua New Guinea: Marius Solat
Malaysian Association for the Blind: Winnie Ng, Executive Director
Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, Cyprus: Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Social Security and National Solidarity, Mauritius: A Veerasamy, for Permanent Secretary
National Association of Non-Governmental Organisations, Zimbabwe: Stanislaus Matindike
National Council of NGOs, Kenya: Murtaza Jaffer
National Council of Social Service, Singapore: Janet Lee, Manager
National Council of Social Welfare, Malaysia: Abdullah Baginda
National Union of Disabled Persons of Uganda
NGO Forum representatives, St. Vincent
Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team: Ihaedioha Damian, Programme Officer
Office of the Commonwealth Secretary-General: Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Secretary-General
Office of the High Commissioner of the Republic of Zambia: A M Mwale, Deputy High Commissioner
Pacific Region NGO Caucus, Second Commonwealth NGO Forum
Regina Dumas, Development Consultant, Trinidad and Tobago
Sierra Leone Association of Non-Governmental Organisations: Clarice Davies
The Association of Non-Governmental Organisations, The Gambia: Fatma Baldeh-Forster
The Central Council of Social Services, Sri Lanka: Austin Jayawardhana, Executive Director
The Community Business Scotland Group: Kay Caldwell
Tonga Trust: Denis Wolff, Executive Director
Trinidad and Tobago Group of Professional Associations Ltd: Yvonne Pilgrim, Secretary/Treasurer
Vanuatu Association of Non-Governmental Associations
Volunteers for Environment, Social Harmony and Improvement, Maldives: Mariyan Zulfa
Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action, India: Minar Pimple
Women In Nigeria: Glory Afi Kilanko, National Co-ordinating
Secretary

At the Second Commonwealth NGO Forum, a plenary session was devoted to the report on 22 June 1995, under the title NGO Guidelines for Good Policy and Practice. The session was addressed by the authors and:

Rajesh Tandon, India
Selena Tapper, Jamaica
Glory Afi Kilanko, Nigeria
Ian Smillie, Canada
Garth Nowland-Foreman, New Zealand

A motion to endorse the Guidelines was proposed by Caleb Nchafatso Sello (Lesotho) and seconded by Kay Caldwell (Britain) and carried by acclamation.

Following the session, five regional workshops (Africa, Asia, Caribbean/Canada, Europe, Pacific) were convened to discuss follow-up action.