OTHER ILO PUBLICATIONS

Technology Series ISSN 0252-2004

The object of the technical memoranda in this series is to help to disseminate, among small-scale producers, extension officers and project evaluators, information on small-scale processing technologies that are appropriate to the socio-economic conditions of developing countries.

ISSN 0252-2004

Tanning of hides and skins (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 1)

Provides technical and economic information concerning the tanning of hides and skins at scales ranging from two hides per day (a typical rural tannery) to 200 hides per day. Six alternative tanning technologies are described, from a fully mechanised 200 hides per day project to a highly labour-intensive two hides per day project. Subprocesses are described in great detail, with diagrams of pieces of equipment which may be manufactured locally. A list of equipment suppliers is also provided for those pieces of equipment which may need to be imported.

The memorandum on the tanning of hides and skins is, to some extent, complementary to that on the small-scale manufacture of footwear.

ISBN 92-2-102904-2

27.50 Swiss francs

Small-scale manufacture of footwear (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 2)

Covers the small-scale production of footwear (shoes and sandals) of differing types and quality, providing detailed technical and economic information covering four scales of production ranging from eight pairs per day to 1,000 pairs per day. A number of alternative technologies are described, including both equipment-intensive and labour-intensive production methods. Subprocesses are described in great detail, with diagrams of pieces of equipment which may be manufactured locally. A list of equipment suppliers is also provided for those pieces of equipment which may need to be imported.

ISBN 92-2-103079-2

25 Swiss francs

Small-scale weaving (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 4)

Describes alternative weaving technologies for eight types of cloth (four plains and four twills) of particular interest for low-income groups in terms of both price and durability. The monograph provides information on available equipment (e.g. looms, pirning equipment, warping equipment), including equipment productivity, quality of output, required quality of materials inputs, and so on. A methodological framework for the evaluation of alternative weaving technologies at three scales of production is provided for the benefit of the textile producer who wishes to identify the technology/scale of production best suited to his own circumstances.

ISBN 92-2-103419-4

20 Swiss francs

Small-scale oil extraction from groundnuts and copra (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 5)

Covers, in detail, various technologies for the extraction of oil from groundnuts and copra: baby expeller mills, small package expellers and power ghanis. Three main stages of processing are considered, namely the pre-processing stages (drying, crushing, scorching), the oil extraction stage and the post-treatment stages (filtering, cake breaking, packaging, bagging). The economic and technical details provided on the stages of processing should help would-be or practising small-scale producers to identify and apply the oil extraction technology best suited to local conditions. A chapter of interest to public planners compares small-scale plants and large-scale plants from a socio-economic viewpoint and suggests various policy measures for the promotion of the right mix of oil extraction techniques.

ISBN 92-2-103503-4

17.50 Swiss francs

Small-scale brickmaking (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 6)

Provides detailed technical information on different brickmaking techniques and covers all processing stages, including quarrying, clay preparation, moulding, drying, firing and the testing of produced bricks. The techniques described are mostly of interest to small-scale producers in both rural and urban areas. The processes and equipment are described in great detail, including drawings of equipment and tools which may be produced locally, floor plans, labour and skill requirements, materials and fuel inputs per unit of output. A list of equipment suppliers from both developing and developed countries is also supplied with a view to assisting the would-be brickmaker to import the required equipment. A chapter of interest to public planners compares, from a socio-economic point of view, the various brickmaking techniques described in this memorandum.

ISBN 92-2-103567-0

27.50 Swiss francs

Small-scale maize milling (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 7)

Provides detailed information on alternative techniques for the production of whole meal, bolted meal and super-sifted meal. It covers all processing stages, including grain preparation, shelling, milling, sifting and packaging. The techniques described are mostly of interest to custom mills and small-scale merchant mills located in rural and urban areas. The first chapter of the memorandum gives in-depth information on the effects of different maize-milling techniques, including the nutritional value of various kinds of maize meal, employment generation, foreign exchange savings and so on.

ISBN 92-2-103640-5

17.50 Swiss francs

Small-scale paper-making (Technology Series - Technical Memorandum No. 8)

Provides technical and economic information on alternative paper-making technologies, describes the characteristics of various types and grades of paper products and gives guidance in the choice of paper machines. The information relates mostly to small-scale paper mills with a capacity of 30 tonnes of paper per day or less. The raw materials suggested for such mills include straw, bagasse, waste paper, rags and cotton waste, as well as other agricultural residues and imported wood pulp. Unlike other memoranda in the series, this memorandum is not a technical introduction to paper-making in general, nor is it a basic textbook on the subject. Instead, it provides people already in possession of the necessary background knowledge with criteria for choosing amongst different methods of paper-making.

ISBN 92-2-103971-4

22.50 Swiss francs

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