Safe Use of Pesticides (ILO, 1985, 52 p.): IV. SAFE USE OF PESTICIDES IN PARTICULAR SETTINGS: 6. Fumigation operations: 6.1 Introduction

Safe Use of Pesticides (ILO, 1985, 52 p.)

IV. SAFE USE OF PESTICIDES IN PARTICULAR SETTINGS

6. Fumigation operations

		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Fumigant storage
		6.3 Fumigation operators
		6.4 Preparation for fumigation
		6.5 Fumigant release
		6.6 Ventilation of fumigated spaces
		6.7 Personal protective equipment for fumigators
		6.8 Records of fumigation operations

6.1 Introduction

Various chemicals that can exist in the gaseous state in sufficient concentration to kill pests are used as fumigants; however, although active in gaseous form they may actually be applied as a liquid or even a solid. Some gases are supplied liquefied under pressure in steel cylinders or other pressure containers: others, which are liquids under normal atmospheric conditions, can be stored and transported in drums or bottles. Certain solid substances are used which, though not themselves fumigants, undergo chemical reactions with atmospheric moisture at the site of use and release a fumigant gas, e.g. aluminium phosphide which releases phosphine, and calcium cyanide which releases hydrogen cyanide. Although specific precautions may be necessary for a particular fumigant, there are certain systematic and well-proven procedures which should always be followed to ensure safety of fumigators and other persons and to optimalise fumigant effectiveness.