Small Scale Processing of Oilfruits and Oilseeds (GTZ, 1989, 100 p.): 1. Oil Plants and their Potential Use: 1.3 By-products

Small Scale Processing of Oilfruits and Oilseeds (GTZ, 1989, 100 p.)

(introduction...)

Acknowledgements

Preface

0. Introduction

0.1 Economic aspects

0.2 Technical aspects

(introduction...)

0.2.1 Processes for oil fruits

0.2.2 Processes for oil seeds

0.3 Development potentials

1. Oil Plants and their Potential Use

1.1 Characteristics of vegetable fats and oils

1.2 The major oil plants

1.2.1 Oil palm

1.2.2 Coconut palm

1.2.3 Soyabean

1.2.4 Groundnut

1.2.5 Sunflower

1.2.6 Sesame

1.2.7 Rape and mustardseed

1.2.8 Other oil-yielding plants

1.3 By-products

1.4 Further processing

2. Target Groups and Technologies

2.1 Family level

(introduction...)

2.1.1 Oil palm fruit

2.1.2 Oil seeds

2.2 Village level

(introduction...)

2.2.1 Oil palm fruit

2.2.2 Oil seeds

2.3 District level

3. Case Studies

3.1 Shea nut processing by women in Mali

3.2 Hand-operated sunflowerseed processing in Zambia

3.3 Oil palm fruit processing as a women's activity in Togo

4. Financial Analysis of the Case Studies

(introduction...)

4.1 Shea nut processing in Mali

4.2 Sunflower seed processing in Zambia

4.3 Oil palm fruit processing in Togo

5. Selected Equipment

5.1 Hand-operated equipment

5.1.1 Hand-operated processing of palm fruit

5.1.2 Hand-operated processing of oil seeds

5.2 Motorized equipment

5.2.1 Motorized processing of oil palm fruit

5.2.2 Motorized processing of oil seeds

6. Ongoing Research and Development Work

Annex

1.3 By-products

In the above characterization of the major oil plants, reference has been made to the main use of the crops, i.e. in most cases the extraction of vegetable oil which, in turn, is used mainly for food and, to a lesser extent, for technical purposes.

In the present chapter, the by-products obtained from processing the above oilplants for oil are summarized (see Table 6).

Table 6: Important Oilcrops and their By-Products

Oilcrop or (intermediate) product	By-Product	Use
Oilpalm, fruit bunch
Oilpalm fruit Palm oil and	bunch fibrous residue and sludge	fuel fuel/fertilizer roughage traditionally for human consumption animal feed
Palmnuts
Palmkernels Palmkernel oil	shells palmkernel cake	fuel/charcoal animal feed
Coconut
Husked coconut	husks	coir for matting
Shelled -coconut	shells	fuel/charcoal
Coconut oil	coconut fibre (traditionally) or coconut cake	animal feed
Soyabean
Soyabean oil	soyabean cake	human consumption or anim (when trypsininhibitor free)al feed
Groundnut
Shelled groundnut Groundnut oil	shells groundnut cake	mulch/litter particle board human consumption or animal feed
Sunflower
Sunflower kernels	husks	fuel/filling material, polishing material, roughage
Sunflower oil	sunflower cake	animal feed
Sesame
Sesame oil	sesame cake	human food or animal feed
Rape/Mustard
Rape/Mustard oil	cake	animal feed
Castor bean		fertilizer
Castor oil	cake	if detoxified as animal feed
Cotton seed
Cotton seed oil	cake	animal feed (limited by free gossypol)

High protein containing oilcakes are much too rich to be fed directly to animals. They have to be mixed with starch and fibre containing feedstuffs in order to be properly digested. Handbooks on animal husbandry will provide detailed information on how a proper animal feed can be prepared with oilcakes as ingredients.

In Table 7, some examples are given of the composition of locally produced oilcakes of important oil seeds.

Table 7: Examples of the Chemical Composition of Oil Cakes fit for Animal Feed