 | HIV in Pregnancy: A Review (UNAIDS, 1999, 67 p.) |
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| | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| | INTRODUCTION |
|  | SECTION A : HIV IN PREGNANCY |
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| | Epidemiology of HIV |
| | Susceptibility of women to HIV infection |
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| | Biological factors |
| | Socio-cultural factors |
| | Effect of pregnancy on the natural history of HIV infection |
| | Effect of HIV infection on pregnancy |
| | Mother-to-child transmission |
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| | Factors affecting mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 |
| | Interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV |
| | Appropriate interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission |
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| | Antiretroviral therapy |
| | Immune therapy |
| | Nutritional interventions |
| | Mode of delivery |
| | Vaginal cleansing |
| | Modification of infant feeding practice |
| | Voluntary HIV counselling and testing in pregnancy |
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| | Testing of antenatal women |
| | Counselling before and after HIV testing in pregnancy |
| | Counselling about pregnancy-related issues |
| | SECTION B : MANAGEMENT OF HIV-POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN |
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| | Antenatal care |
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| | Obstetrical management |
| | Examination and investigations |
| | Medical treatment during pregnancy |
| | Antiretroviral therapy |
| | Care during labour and delivery |
| | Postpartum care |
| | Care of neonates |
| | SECTION C : INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES |
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| | Universal precautions |
| | Risks of needlestick injuries |
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| | Management of needlestick injuries and other accidental blood exposure |
| | REFERENCES |
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Most HIV positive women will be asymptomatic and have no major obstetrical problems during their pregnancies99,366,367,368,369. They should receive similar obstetric antenatal care to that given to HIV-negative women, unless indicated by the need to provide specific HIV-related treatment. There is no evidence that there is a need to increase the number of antenatal visits, provided there are no complications of the HIV infection, although additional counselling time may be required. The care of the HIV positive woman during pregnancy should include ongoing counselling and support as an integral part of the management. Advice on the possible risks of unprotected intercourse during pregnancy should be provided.
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