Reversing the Spiral - The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (WB, 1994, 320 p.): (introduction...)

Reversing the Spiral - The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (WB, 1994, 320 p.)

(introduction...)

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Acronyms and abbreviations

1. Introduction

(introduction...)

The three basic concerns

Key elements of the ''Nexus''

Population growth revisited: Feedback from the Nexus

Elements of an action plan

Conclusions

2. Agricultural stagnation and environmental

Agricultural stagnation, population growth, and food security

The deteriorating natural resource base and ecological environment

Notes

3. The demographic dimension

The lagging demographic transition

Fertility and agriculture: Part of the Nexus?

Notes

Appendix to chapter 3

4. The Nexus of population growth, agricultural stagnation, and environmental degradation

The main linkages

Traditional crop cultivation and livestock husbandry methods

Land and tree tenure systems and the Nexus

Deforestation, fuelwood, and the Nexus

Logging

Notes

Appendix to chapter 4

5. The role of women in production systems

(introduction...)

The female - headed household syndrome

The gender division of rural labor and fanning systems

The separation of budgets

Women, food security, and nutrition

Farm technology and gender

Women's time use and productivity

Notes

6. A framework for action

A continental perspective

Some country-specific targets and implications

7. Reducing population growth

Population policy

Primary education

Conclusion

Note

8. Promoting sustainable agricultural development

Sustainable and environmentally benign agriculture

Inputs

Agroforestry

Stoves that save fuel and women's time

Policy and institutional aspects

Land policy and tenure reform

Agricultural support services

Exchange rate, trade, fiscal, and pricing policies

Local institutions: involving the people

Conclusion

9. Infrastructure development, migration, and urbanization

Infrastructura development

Transport

Water supply

Infrastructure and environmental conservation

Migration and settlement policy

An appropriate urbanization policy

10. Managing the natural resource base

Production versus protection

Forests

Natural resource management in farming areas

Dryland and range areas

Water

Common elements

The role of governments

National environmental action plans

11.Conclusion

The problem

Recommendations for action

Status of implementation

Issues and follow-up

Statistical appendix

Bibliography

The Authors

(introduction...)

DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT

Kevin M. Cleaver
GA. Schreiber

The World Bank
Washington, D.C

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

Cover photo: World Bank Photo Library (R. Witlin).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cleaver, Kevin M.

Reversing the spiral: the population, agriculture, and environment nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa / Kevin M. Cleaver and GA. Schreiber.

p. cm.—(Directions in development)

Includes bibliographical references
ISBN 0-8213-2769-0

1. Human ecology—Africa, Sub-Saharan.
2. Agriculture and state Africa, Sub-Saharan
3. Agriculture-Environmental aspects— Africa, Sub-Saharan.
4. Africa, Sub-Saharan—Economic conditions—1960—
5. Africa, SubSaharan—Environmental conditions.
6. Africa, Sub-Saharan—Social conditions—1960—

I. Schreiber, GA., 1944
II. Title.
III Series: Directions in development (Washington, D.C.)

GF701.C54
1994