Reversing the Spiral - The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (WB, 1994, 320 p.): Acknowledgments

Reversing the Spiral - The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (WB, 1994, 320 p.)

(introduction...)

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Acronyms and abbreviations

1. Introduction

(introduction...)

The three basic concerns

Key elements of the ''Nexus''

Population growth revisited: Feedback from the Nexus

Elements of an action plan

Conclusions

2. Agricultural stagnation and environmental

Agricultural stagnation, population growth, and food security

The deteriorating natural resource base and ecological environment

Notes

3. The demographic dimension

The lagging demographic transition

Fertility and agriculture: Part of the Nexus?

Notes

Appendix to chapter 3

4. The Nexus of population growth, agricultural stagnation, and environmental degradation

The main linkages

Traditional crop cultivation and livestock husbandry methods

Land and tree tenure systems and the Nexus

Deforestation, fuelwood, and the Nexus

Logging

Notes

Appendix to chapter 4

5. The role of women in production systems

(introduction...)

The female - headed household syndrome

The gender division of rural labor and fanning systems

The separation of budgets

Women, food security, and nutrition

Farm technology and gender

Women's time use and productivity

Notes

6. A framework for action

A continental perspective

Some country-specific targets and implications

7. Reducing population growth

Population policy

Primary education

Conclusion

Note

8. Promoting sustainable agricultural development

Sustainable and environmentally benign agriculture

Inputs

Agroforestry

Stoves that save fuel and women's time

Policy and institutional aspects

Land policy and tenure reform

Agricultural support services

Exchange rate, trade, fiscal, and pricing policies

Local institutions: involving the people

Conclusion

9. Infrastructure development, migration, and urbanization

Infrastructura development

Transport

Water supply

Infrastructure and environmental conservation

Migration and settlement policy

An appropriate urbanization policy

10. Managing the natural resource base

Production versus protection

Forests

Natural resource management in farming areas

Dryland and range areas

Water

Common elements

The role of governments

National environmental action plans

11.Conclusion

The problem

Recommendations for action

Status of implementation

Issues and follow-up

Statistical appendix

Bibliography

The Authors

Acknowledgments

This study has benefited from considerable input from a number of our colleagues both within and outside the World Rank. Roland Michelitsch conducted much of the statistical analysis summarized in the Supplement to this volume. Sandy Gain, Pushpa Schwartz, and S. Yalamanchili contributed statistical material.

An initial report setting out the hypotheses to be studied was the subject of a seminar held at the World Bank in June 1990, chaired by Michel Petit. Subsequently, seminars were held with the Country Departments of the Africa Region of the World Bank. A formal review in the World Bank of an initial draft report in [December 1991 was chaired by Michel Petit. Drafts have been presented to representatives of African governments and development agencies as well as of nongovernmental organizations at the West and Central African Rain Forest Conservation Conference in Abidjan in October 1990, to academic fore organized by Montclair State College in New Jersey in November 1990 and by the Harvard Center for population and Development Studies in March 1992, to an international conference on population issues in Africa organized by the Government of France in September 1991, to staff of USAID on several occasions between July 1990 and August 1993, to officials of the Caisse Franse de Dloppement in Paris in January 1992, and to staff of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation (BMZ), Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (KfW) and Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) in Frankfurtin April 1993. Members of the world Bank Africa Region's Thematic Team on the Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus have also provided comments and suggestions. These venous inputs and reviews, and additional research stimulated by the comments and suggestions received, have resulted in the present study.

Special thanks for support, comments, suggestions, and contributions are due to: E. V. K. Jaycox, Robert McNamara, Ismail Serageldin, Caio KochWeser, Michel Petit, Anand Seth, Steve O'Brien, Ishrat Z. Husain, Michael Gillette, Pierre Landell-Mills, Fred Sai, Dunstan Wai, Ishrat Husain, John Peberdy, Dennis Mahar, Leif Christoffersen, Frans Falloux, John English, Susan Cochrane, Althea Hill, Harry Walters, Agi Kiss, Frans Wencus, Joanne Salop, Jean Doyen, Cynthia Cook, Willem Floor, Mary Dyson, Elizabeth Morris-Hughes, Julia Clones, Paul Shaw, John Spears, Moctar TourPhillippe Caquard, Montague Yudelman, Allen Keliey, Michael Paolisso, Larry Stifel, P. C. Mohan, Dixie Barlow, and Deirdre T. Murphy, and staff of the FAO and the Caisse Franse de Dloppement.

Finally, the comments and suggestions of four anonymous reviewers have been most useful and are acknowledged with particular gratitude.