Action Against Child Labour (ILO, 2000, 356 p.): (introduction...)

Action Against Child Labour (ILO, 2000, 356 p.)

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Preface

1. National policies and programmes

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 STRATEGIC ACTION AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

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The problem

Prevention, removal and rehabilitation

Priority target groups

Phased and multi-sectoral strategy

1.2 DEVELOPING POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES ON CHILD LABOUR

Why a policy on child labour?

Policies, programmes and projects

ILO standards and action through IPEC

The first steps in policy and programme formulation

1.3 SETTING PRIORITIES FOR ACTION

Especially vulnerable groups

Main policy and programme directions

Direct action and capacity building

1.4 CREATING A BROAD SOCIAL ALLIANCE

Appendix 1.1 Terms of reference for a comprehensive report on child labour

Appendix 1.2 Ideas for group work in national planning workshops on child labour

Appendix 1.3 Example of a national plan of action on child labour, Cambodia, 1997

Appendix 1.4 Pointers to project design

2. Towards improved legislation

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INTRODUCTION

2.1 LEGISLATION AND THE FIGHT AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

2.2 SOURCES OF LAW ON CHILD LABOUR

2.3 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION

Introduction

National policy

Coverage of the law (scope of application)

General minimum age for admission to employment or work

Minimum age for light work

Minimum age for hazardous work

Conditions of employment

Forced labour

Enforcement

2.4 NEW INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR

2.5 OTHER INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

2.6 INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE CHILD LABOUR LEGISLATION

2.7 LESSONS LEARNED

Checklist 2.1 General principles

Checklist 2.2 Improving national legislation

Checklist 2.3 Legislation on bonded labour

Checklist 2.4 Involving employers' and workers' organizations, and others

Appendix 2.1 ILO Conventions on child labour and forced labour (as at 31 July 1999)

Appendix 2.2 Minimum ages in ILO Conventions

Appendix 2.3 Ratification of ILO Conventions on child labour and forced labour (as at 31 August 1999)

Appendix 2.4 Chart of ratifications of ILO Conventions on child labour and forced labour by country (as at 31 August 1999:

Appendix 2.5 Excerpts from selected ILO standards on child labour

3. Improving the knowledge base on child labour

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INTRODUCTION

3.1 CHILD LABOUR STATISTICS: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Data requirements

Survey methodologies

3.2 BASIC RESULTS

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Household survey

Establishment survey

Survey of street children

The time-use approach

3.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ON CONDUCTING SURVEYS

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Household-based surveys

Surveys of employers (establishments or enterprises)

Surveys of street children

3.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERVIEWING CHILDREN

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Creating the right setting

3.5 FURTHER RESEARCH

Appendix 3.1 List of detailed variables in child labour surveys

Bibliography on child labour surveys, statistics and related matters

4. Alternatives to child labour

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INTRODUCTION

4.1 STRATEGIES IN EDUCATION

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Educating children about their rights and about child labour issues

Investment in early childhood development programmes

Increasing access to education

Improving the quality of formal and non-formal education

Non-formal education as an entry, a re-entry or alternative for (former) working children

Approaches to vocational education

4.2 PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES FOR CHILDREN FROM ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE GROUPS

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Child victims of bondage, commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking

Girls

Children living and working on the streets

Children of indigenous groups and other minorities

4.3 EDUCATION PROGRAMMES AND INCOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARENTS

4.4 WORKPLACE AND COMMUNITY MONITORING

4.5 LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE: PLANNING ACTION PROGRAMMES

Identifying priority target groups

Concerted action

Setting programme objectives

Checklist 4.1 Identifying target groups and selecting children

Checklist 4.2 Planning vocational skills training programmes

Checklist 4.3 Measuring the impact of action programmes

5. Strategies to address child slavery

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5.1 THE PROBLEM OF CHILD SLAVERY

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The nature of the problem

The extent of the problem

5.2 INTERNATIONAL ACTION AGAINST CHILD SLAVERY

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International Labour Organization

United Nations

5.3 NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND ENFORCEMENT

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Legislation prohibiting forced and bonded labour

Problems in enforcement

5.4 ACTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

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Preventing child slavery

Action against slave owners

Targeting children in bondage

Integrated action to address child slavery

5.5 DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMMES OF ACTION

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Strategy for action against child bondage

Strategy for action against child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children

Bibliography on child slavery

6. Strategies for employers and their organizations

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INTRODUCTION

6.1 STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYER ACTION

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Planning for action at the national level

Building alliances

Key issues in project design

Ten steps to enhance employer action on child labour

6.2 EMPLOYER ''BEST PRACTICES'' ON CHILD LABOUR

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Awareness-raising and policy development initiatives

Employer action to combat child labour in specific sectors

Direct support for the removal and rehabilitation of child workers

6.3 CORPORATE INITIATIVES ON CHILD LABOUR

Labelling or certification schemes

Corporate codes of conduct

Industry codes of conduct

IOE views on voluntary codes of conduct and labelling

6.4 KEY LESSONS FOR FUTURE ACTION

Appendix 6.1 IOE General Council Resolution on Child Labour

7. Trade unions against child labour

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INTRODUCTION

7.1 WHY CHILD LABOUR IS A TRADE UNION ISSUE

The history and role of trade union involvement

7.2 HOW TRADE UNIONS ARE FIGHTING CHILD LABOUR

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Trade unions strengthen their capacity to address child labour issues

Trade unions support children, their families and communities

Trade unions raise awareness on child labour issues

Trade unions gather and disseminate data on child labour

Trade unions include child labour concerns in collective bargaining agreements

Trade unions advocate for codes of conduct

Trade unions work in partnership with NGOs, employers' organizations and governments

The international trade union movement plays a major role

7.3 WHAT A TRADE UNION CAN DO

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Ten-point action guide

Bibliography on trade union action

8. Awareness-raising

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INTRODUCTION

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Aspects of communication

Process of communication

8.1 THE MESSAGE

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''Action against child labour can be taken now''

''Prioritize the most harmful, often invisible, forms of child labour''

''Positive action and international cooperation are needed''

''Tradition cannot justify the exploitation of children''

''Prevention is better than cure''

8.2 THE AUDIENCE

8.3 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

8.4 THE NEED FOR A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

Appendix 8.1 Informing the public

Appendix 8.2 Popular theatre as an effective communications tool

9. Action by community groups and NGOs

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9.1 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS AND CHILD LABOUR

9.2 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF NGOs IN COMBATING CHILD LABOUR

Types of NGO action

Examples of NGOs in action

9.3 LESSONS LEARNED

10. Resources on child labour

INTRODUCTION

10.1 GENERAL PUBLICATIONS ON CHILD LABOUR

ILO reports for the International Labour Conference (ILC) and Governing Body (GB)

Reports of the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)

Policy studies

Information kits, training manuals and guidelines

Audiovisual materials

10.2 SPECIAL THEMES

Other ILO publications

Back Cover

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Edited by Nelien Haspels and Michele Jankanish

International Labour Office Geneva

The International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization was founded in 1919 to promote social justice and, thereby, to contribute to universal and lasting peace. Its tripartite structure is unique among agencies affiliated to the United Nations; the ILO's Governing Body includes representatives of government and of employers' and workers' organizations. These three constituencies are active participants in regional and other meetings sponsored by the ILO, as well as in the International Labour Conference - a world forum which meets annually to discuss social and labour questions.

Over the years the ILO has issued for adoption by member States a widely respected code of international labour Conventions and Recommendations on freedom of association, employment, social policy, conditions of work, social security, industrial relations and labour administration, among others.

The ILO provides expert advice and technical assistance to member States through a network of offices and multidisciplinary teams in over 40 countries. This assistance takes the form of labour rights and industrial relations counselling, employment promotion, training in small business development, project management, advice on social security, workplace safety and working conditions, the compiling and dissemination of labour statistics, and workers' education.

ILO Publications

The International Labour Office is the Organization's secretariat, research body and publishing house. The Publications Bureau produces and distributes material on major social and economic trends. It publishes policy statements on issues affecting labour around the world, reference works, technical guides, research-based books and monographs, codes of practice on safety and health prepared by experts, and training and workers' education manuals. It also produces the International Labour Review in English, French and Spanish, which publishes the results of original research, perspectives on emerging issues, and book reviews.

Catalogues and lists of new publications are available free of charge from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.

First published 2000

Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications.

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Haspels, N.; Jankanish, M. (eds.)

Action against child labour

Geneva, International Labour Office, 2000

Child labour, role of ILO, IPEC, plan of action, government policy, developing country. 14.02.2
ISBN 92-2-110868-6

ILO Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.

The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.

Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.

ILO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address.

For more information contact:

Labour Protection Department	International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)
4 route des Morillons	4 route des Morillons
CH-1211 Geneva 22	CH-1211 Geneva 22
Switzerland	Switzerland
Tel.: (+41 22) 799-6486	(+41-22)799-8181
Fax: (+41-22) 799-6349	(+41-22)799-8771
E-mail: [email protected]	[email protected]

Child labour website: http://www.ilo.org/childlabour
(French and Spanish versions also available)