Use of workshop

Many environmental issues involve complex and technical information and processes which are difficult to understand. Majority of the people do not yet understand the very basic issues related to, for example, ozone depletion or global warming or the loss of biodiversity.

The difficult process of simplifying such kinds of information for specific audiences is not systematically implemented on a large scale in the Philippines.

The International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) believes that there is currently a great need for quality educational printed materials which can be used by teachers, trainors, educators, policymakers, key sector leaders and others throughout the Philippines in the area of environmental education. These printed materials will convey the difficult-to-understand concepts into more appropriate information kits for wider dissemination.

IIRR is aware that there are government and nongovernment organizations (GOs/NGOs) that are currently producing environmental education materials. Therefore, the primary step the Institute took was to network with these GOs and NGOs to establish the state-of-the-art for environmental education materials within the Philippines.

The information kit on the Basic Concepts in the Environment, Agriculture and Natural Resources Management was produced through the use of a workshop involving technical and communication experts. The workshop approach has been successfully implemented by IIRR to speed up and improve the production of various technology-focused kits, such as the Bio-Intensive Gardening, Regenerative Agriculture Technologies, Agroforestry, Low-lnput Rice Production and Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture Technologies.

The workshop was held on September 14-19, 1992, at the IIRR Campus in Silang, Cavite, Philippines. The participants came from key organizations involved in environmental work, such as Center for Environmental Concerns (CEC), Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), Department of Education, Culture and Sports-EDPITAF (DECS-EDPITAF), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (DENR-PAWB), Department of Health (DOH), Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB), Forum for Rural Concerns (FRC), Green Forum, Haribon Foundation, Institute for Environmental Sciences and Management (IESAM), International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR), Marine Science Institute (MSI), Philippine Environmental Action Network (PEAN), Philippine Ecological Network (PEN), Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM), Philippine Wetland and Wildlife Conservation Foundation, Inc. (PWWCFI) and University of the Philippines at Los Ba(UPLB). Because these participants consisted primarily of the practitioner-types, reflective of the intended user-audience, the potential relevance of the kit was improved. In addition, the papers underwent instant critical peer review and revision, a process which normally takes several days or even weeks. Finally, the presence of communication specialists (writers, editors, artists) facilitated the appropriate presentation and design of materials.

This technology information kit focuses on Philippine situation, is designed for learning about basic concepts, issues and problems related to environment and natural resource use and degradation and is intended for nationwide use by students, trainors and GO/NGO policymakers.

Workshop participants

1. Mr. Rafael Almonte
Center for Environmental Concerns (CEC)
III-A Scout Lozano St.
Barangay Laging Handa, Quezon City

2. Ms. Maribeth Reyes-Baril
Haribon Foundation
340 Villamor Street
San Juan, Metro Manila 1500

3. Mr. Rusty BiBR>Sciences
UPLB, College, Laguna
Reconstruction (IIRR)
#48 Gatuslao Street, Bacolod City

4. Mr. Emmanuel Carmona
Broad Initiatives for Negros Development
Green Alert Negros Environmental Network
2nd Floor, Door 1, Silos Building
Rosario St., Bacolod City~6100

5. Dr. Virginia Cuevas
Institute of Environmental Sciences and
Management (IESAM)
UPLB, College, Laguna

6. Ms. Dolores Ariadne Diamante
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

7. Ms. Teresita Felipe
EDPITAF
Department of Education, Culture and Sports
(DECS)
University of Life Complex

8. Ms. Estrella Fernandez
Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement
(PRRM)
Kayumanggi Press Building
940 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City

9. Dr. Sandy Fortuna
Field Operational Research Division, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

10. Dr. Julian F. Gonsalves
Vice-President for Program, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

11. Mr. Juan Carlos Gonzalez
Wildlife Biology Laboratory
Institute of Biological
International Institute of Rural

12. Mr. Fernando Hilario
Forum for Rural Concerns (FRC)
Room 336, Eagle Court Condominium
26 Matalino St.
Central District, Quezon City

13. Mr. Eusebio Imperial
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

14. Mr. Greg Ira
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

15. Dr. Marie Antonette Juinio
Marine Science Institute.
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City

16. Mr. Scott Killough
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite
Meralco Avenue, Pasig, Metro Manila
17. Mr. Ben Maata
Philgerfund
c/o IIRR
Silang, Cavite

18. Mr. Eulogio Masilungan
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

19. Ms. Manolita Morales
Philippine Wetland and Wildlife
Conservation Foundation, Inc.
(PWWCFI)
Unit 2, -A. Sing Building
295 Duterte St.
Banawa, Cebu City 6000

20. Ms. Malou Moreno
Ecosystems Research and Development
Bureau (ERDB)
UPLB, College, Laguna

21. Dr. Ismael Pastor
Department of Health
San Lazaro Compound
Tayuman, Sta. Cruz, Manila

22. Ms. Thelma Perez
Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
(PAWB)
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources
Quezon Avenue, Diliman
Quezon City

23. Mr. Eseng Quintos
Field Operational Research Division, IIRR

24. Ms. Nelia Quiz
ERDB
UPLB, College, Laguna

25. Mr. Nestor Roderno
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

26. Ms. Dolores Rubio
Health and Nutrition Center
Department of Education, Culture and Sports
(DECS)
University of Life Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig
Metro Manila

27. Mr. Romeo San Buenaventura
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

28. Mr. Teodoro Sevilla
Appropriate Technology Unit, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

29. Mr. Leland Taoingan
PAWB, DENR
Quezon Avenue, Diliman
Quezon City
Silang, Cavite
30. Ms. Meng Yaun
Field Operational Research Division, IIRR
Silang, Cavite

Support staff

Technical/Communication	Dr. Julian Gonsalves, Mr. Greg Ira, Mr. Scott Killough and
Specialists:	Mr. Jaime Ronquillo
Editors:	Ms. Donnie Diamante, Ms. Lyn Capistrano-Doren, Mr. Greg Ira,
	Mr. Scott Killough, Mr. Eseng Quintos, Mr. Jaime Ronquillo and
	Mr. Roger Villar
Artists:	Mr. Albert Ba Mr. Boy Belardo, Mr. Rafael Bordeo, Mr.
	Ric Cantada, Mr. Mitchell Doren, Mr. Bernie Remoquillo and Mr.
	Roger Villar
Logistics/Administrative/	Ms. Lhai Kasala, Ms. Angie Poblete, Ms. Jel Montoya, Mr. Rolly
Secretarial Staff:	Ramos, Ms. Ely Paredes, Ms. Violy Alvez, Ms. Gemma Boado,
	Ms. Tess Aquino, Ms. Girlie Belen, Ms. Hilda Amon and Mr. Gerry
	Medina

Glossary of commonly used environmental terms

Air	a mixture of invisible, odorless and tasteless gases that surround the earth
Algae	simple, free-floating water plants
Ambient air	any unconfined portion of the atmosphere; the outside air
Aquatic	growing or living upon water
Aquifer	sand, gravel or rock formation found below the earth's surface which is saturated with water
Atmosphere	the mass of air surrounding the earth held by the force of gravity
Bacteria	microscopic, single-celled plants
Biodegradable	a material that decomposes in the environment as a result of biological action by microorganisms
Biomass	the amount of living matter (plants and animals) in a given habitat
Canopy	leaf area of a woodland
Carnivores	animals that eat meat (other animals)
Carrying capacity	the maximum number of animals that an area can support
Chlorophyll	green photosynthetic coloring matter in plants
Combustion	the chemical process of burning which releases heat, light and chemical by-products
Degradation	lowering of the quality of a resource
Depletion	using up the total quantity of a resource
Ecologist	a person who studies the relations between organisms and their environment
Ecosystem	a unit of the environment comprising the interactions of all organisms and the physical components within a given area
Emission	pollutant discharged into the air
Endangered species	plants or animals in danger of becoming extinct through all or part of its range; plants or animals whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction
Endemic	plants or animals which are unique to particular locality or place and cannot be found elsewhere, e.g., Philippine Eagle or Mindoro Crocodile
Energy	the capacity to produce motion, heat or light
Energy conservation	planned management of energy resources which conserves, protects and prevents waste
Energy resources	a measure of national wealth by the production of usable power, such as heat and electricity
Environmental impact	changes in the environment caused by some form of management or mismanagement
Erosion	the wearing away of land surface
Exotic	plants or animals which are not native to an area
Extinct	plants and animals which have not been sighted in the wild during the past 50 years
Fauna	animals
Fertilizer	an organic or inorganic material that is added to the soil to supply elements essential to plant growth
Flora	plants
Food chain	an arrangement of predator-prey relationship in an ecosystem
Food web	the interconnected food chains within an ecosystem
Forage	all browse and non-woody food that is available to livestock or game animals
Forest	a complex community of associated trees, shrubs, other plants and animals
Forestry	the art and science of managing forests so as to yield, on a continuous basis, a maximum in quality and quantity of forest lands to satisfy human needs
Fossil fuels	hydrocarbon compounds derived from the remains of organisms (plants and animals) buried millions of years ago
Global	involving the entire world
Ground water	water found below the earth's surface
Ground-water recharge	water which seeps through the earth's surface and into the ground water aquifers
Habitat	the area where an animal or plant naturally lives and grows
Hazardous or toxic waste	waste that poses a serious threat to human health even at extremely low concentrations
Hazardous-waste site	allocation where hazardous waste poses a potential threat to the environment
Heavy metals	metallic elements with high molecular weights; generally toxic to plant and animal life
Herbivores	animals that eat plants
Hydrologic cycle	continuous circulation of water between the oceans, atmosphere and the earth's surface
Industrial waste	waste generated by industries
Irrigated lands	agricultural lands whose water requirements are met by man-made or artificial structures rather than by natural means, such as rain; irrigated lands have water the whole year as against rainfed lands which have water only during the rainy season
Limiting factors	factors that restrict the population potential of a species
Lowland areas	rainfed or irrigated farming land that is flat or gently undulating and that is not very high above sea level
Migrate	to move from one region or climate to another for feeding or breeding
Migratory birds	birds which travel from one place to another depending on the season
Mineral	a naturally-occurring inorganic substance in the soil
Mulch	a layer of plant residue on the soil surface
Municipal waste	waste from cities, primarily sewage
Nocturnal	active at night
Nonpoint source pollution	pollution which enters the environment from a wide-area
Nonrenewable energy	resources which cannot be replaced once they are used
Nutrients	mineral elements and compounds (including water and air) which a plant uses for tissue growth and maintenance
Omnivores	animals that eat both animals and plants
Organic compounds	compounds composed of chemicals containing carbon; examples: pesticides, solvents, cleaning compounds, paints
Organic material	plant and animal matter in various stages of decay
Ozone (O3) layer	layer of the atmosphere that protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation in sunlight
pH	a scale which represents alkalinity or acidity
Percolation	the downward movement of water into the soil
Permeabilty	the ability of the soil to allow air and water to move through it
Pesticide	a chemical used to kill or control pests
Petroleum	a natural, thick, yellow-to-black, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture found principally beneath the earth's surface
Photosynthesis	the process of producing carbohydrates from water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and sunlight
Plankton	suspended, floating, microscopic plants and animals in the water
Plant nutrients	elements essential for plant growth
Points source pollution	pollution which can be traced to a point of discharge
Pollutant	any introduced gas, liquid or solid that makes a resource unfit for a specific purpose
Pollution	the presence of matter or energy whose nature, location or quantity produces undesirable environmental effects; a reduction in the quality of the environment by the introduction of impurities
Population density	the number of people or animals per unit area; example: people per square kilometer
Predators	animals that hunt, kill and consume other animals
Prey	an animal taken as food by a predator
Rare species	plants and animals with very small populations that are not, at present, endangered but are at risk.
Rainfed farming land	agricultural land which depends solely on rainfall for its water requirements transforming barren mine areas as nearly as possible to their original condition
Recycle	to reuse or process waste for beneficial purposes
Recycling	transforming waste products into new products
Refuge, reserve or wilderness area	an area of land set aside for the protection of wildlife
Renewable energy	energy resources that can be replaced by natural regeneration or human efforts after they are used
Resident	wildlife found in a certain locality but may also be found elsewhere
Slope	the angle of the soil surface expressed as a percent of rise and fall
Soil	the outer portion of the earth's crust that supports plant life
Spawning	the process by which fish deposit eggs
Species	a group of organisms that resemble each other closely and that interbreed freely
Succession	the progressive development of vegetation which replaces one plant community with another in order to reach a climax condition
Surface water	water visible on the earth's surface
Topography	the physical features (natural and man-made) on the land's surface
Transpiration	the release of water vapor by leaves into the air
Upland areas	hilly to mountainous lands, including plateaus and table lands lying at high elevations
Urbanization	growth or expansion of cities
Waste	useless, unwanted or discarded material
Water pollution	water which is made chemically, biologically or physically impure or unfit for use
Watershed	the total drainage area where water flows to a common point
Weathering	the actions that break down rock into soil
Wetlands	swamps or marshes, especially as areas used by wildlife
Wildlife	plants and animals found in their natural habitat undisturbed by man or free from human interference; mammals, birds and fishes which are not domesticated or are free-ranging in their naturally associated habitats
Windbreak	a living barrier of trees and shrubs designed for protection from wind

Source

Darold Hehn and Bob Newport. Introduction to Natural Resources. 1991. Developed by the Mid-America
Vocational

Curriculum Consortium. Stillwater, OK.

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