Famine, Needs-assessment and Survival Strategies in Africa (Oxfam, 1993, 40 p.)

(introduction...)

Acknowledgements

Executive summary

1 Introduction

2 A case of crying wolf?

(introduction...)

2.1 Some distortions in the process of needs-assessment

2.1.1 Estimating production, food availability and population

2.1.2 The 'food balance-sheet' approach

2.1.3 Donor fatigue/scepticism

2.1.4 Gender biases

2.2 Needs-assessment in some specific countries

2.3 Limited relief

2.4 A real crisis in Africa

3 Survival strategies and their 'costs'

(introduction...)

3.1 Eating wild foods

3.2 Going hungry

3.3 Food preparation

3.4 Slavery

3.5 Sale of assets (productive/non-productive) and purchase of food

3.6 Trading

3.7 Labouring

3.8 Household migration

3.9 Consurnption of assets

3.10 Borrowing

3.11 Gifts

3.12 Receiving remittances

3.13 Theft

4 The dangers of relying on survival strategies

5 Survival strategies: informing relief, not precluding it

(introduction...)

5.1 Cheap grain: a boon for production as well as consumption

5.2 Internal grain purchase: the best of both worlds

5.3 Purchasing assets

5.4 Other schemes for livestock support

5.5 Distributing cash

5.6 Timing of relief

5.7 The use of relief to 'create' or 'revive' an economy

5.8 Relief and levels of violence

5.9 Morale

5.10 Relief as a threat to survival strategies

5.11 Understanding survival strategies

5.12 Countering the idea that relief is unnecessary

Bibliography