 | Design and Operation of Smallholder Irrigation in South Asia (WB, 1995, 134 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Foreword |
| | Abstract |
| | Chapter 1 - Introduction |
|  | Chapter 2 - Profile of the smallholder |
| | Fractionation and consolidation of the smallholding |
| | Smallholder attitude toward farmer-owned and government systems |
| | Cultivator willingness to undertake more intensive cultivation |
| | Smallholder attitude toward credit |
| | Theft and vandalism of control structures |
| | Chapter 3 - Land shaping and water distribution at the field level |
| | Land shaping by the cultivator vs. institutionally |
| | Land shaping and water management in smallholder irrigation |
| | Land shaping as a project component |
| | Chapter 4 - Water supply and demand |
| | Degree of storage regulation |
| | Intensity of irrigation |
| | Crop water requirements and crop water response |
| | Effective rainfall |
| | The particular case of water requirements for paddy |
| | Chapter 5 - Cropping patterns in irrigation design |
| | The degree of control of selection of crops |
| | Cropping pattern design and project formulation |
| | Chapter 6 - Irrigability |
| | Soil surveys and land classification |
| | Soil constituents |
| | Soils problems on irrigation |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Saline and alkaline soils |
| | Expansive days |
| | Gypsiferous soils |
| | Acid sulphate soils (cat clays) |
| | Podzols |
| | Lateritic soils |
| | Dune sands |
| | Chapter 7 - Canal systems for smallholder irrigation |
| | Introduction and definitions |
| | (introduction...) |
| | Designing for variable supply |
| | Varying demand within the service area |
| | Allocation of water and establishing water charges |
| | Capacity of primary and secondary canals and size of irrigation area |
| | Distribution at the tertiary level |
| | Background |
| | Tertiary system design for non-paddy crops |
| | Tertiary system design for areas primarily under paddy |
| | Tertiary system design for mixed cropping |
| | Layout of tertiary channels |
| | Chapter 8 - Hydraulics of canal regulation and types of control structures |
| | Background |
| | Downstream control with limited demand |
| | Upstream control with rotational delivery |
| | Hydraulic controls on secondary and tertiary canals |
| | Downstream control |
| | Upstream control |
| | Hydraulic controls on primary canals |
| | Production of small hydraulic structures |
| | Chapter 9 - Operation and maintenance |
| | Introduction |
| | Inadequate budget for O and M |
| | Desilting of canals |
| | Weed control in canals |
| | Operation of partially completed systems |
| | Night irrigation |
| | Monitoring of project performance |
| | Application of computers to irrigation system operation |
| | Social and political pressures in system operation |
| | Chapter 10 - Durability of canal linings |
| | Reasons for lining |
| | Causes of deterioration canal linings |
| | Construction materials for primary and secondary canal linings |
| | Construction materials and production methods of tertiary canal linings |
| | Chapter 11 - Construction and maintenance problems of drainage works |
| | Drainage and the cultivator |
| | Formal and informal tertiary drainage systems |
| | Subsurface field drainage |
| | Primary and secondary drainage |
| | Chapter 12 - Cultivator organizations |
| | Cultivator organizations in irrigation system operation |
| | Traditional organization in village-level irrigation schemes |
| | Projection from the village-level organization to cultivator organizations in public systems |
| | Experience and problems with water user groups in public irrigation systems |
| | Chapter 13 - Village schemes and small tank projects |
| | Background |
| | Farmer-constructed diversion systems |
| | Village schemes with storage |
| | Chapter 14 - Groundwater development |
| | Introduction |
| | Small, individually-owned, suction-mode wells |
| | Individually owned and group owned force-mode wells |
| | Large capacity public tubewells |
| | Technical problems in design and construction of medium and large tubewells |
| | Water distribution from medium tubewells |
| | Functions of the tubewell operator |
| | Power supply problems |
| | Comparison of medium and large wells |
| | Chapter 15 - Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater |
| | Definitions |
| | Direct conjunctive use |
| | Indirect conjunctive use |
| | Chapter 16 - Pumped lift irrigation distribution |
| | Background |
| | The application of individually owned small pumping units |
| | Centralized pumped-lift systems |
| | Chapter 17 - Technical and operational improvements in rehabilitation of irrigation projects |
| | Introduction |
| | The dam and reservoir |
| | The canal system |
| | Drainage |
| | Introduction of high technology irrigation methods |
| | Chapter 18 - Ecological and riparian factors in irrigation development |
| | Introduction |
| | Ecological issues in groundwater development |
| | Surface water development |
| | Riparian issues |
| | References |
| | Distributors of world bank publications |
Traditional organization in village-level irrigation schemes
In village-level schemes, particularly small "tank" systems, organization of irrigation distribution is generally remarkably efficient. Many of the schemes were constructed back in the days when village authority was absolute, and cultivators held their land under sufferance to the local ruler. Progressive weakening of traditional authoritarian structure and substitution by democratic process is changing the situation rapidly in some areas, but operation of village schemes remains reasonably effective. The method of operation varies, but generally an individual is delegated the task of operating all structures including turn-outs to each farm. He is paid by, and under the direction of, the cultivator group. In some cases, however, the post is inherited and carries considerable authority. Sharing of the tasks of maintaining the system is also well organized.
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