Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development (UNU, 1994, 376 pages): Contributors

Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development (UNU, 1994, 376 pages)

Note to the reader from the UNU

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part 1: General implications

1. Industrial metabolism: Theory and policy

(introduction...)

What is industrial metabolism?

The materials cycle

Measures of industrial metabolism

Policy implications of the industrial metabolism perspective

References

2. Ecosystem and the biosphere: Metaphors for human-induced material flows

(introduction...)

Introduction

The ecosystem analogue

The environmental spheres analogue: Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere

Summary and conclusions

References

3. Industrial restructuring in industrial countries

(introduction...)

Introduction

Identifying indicators of environmentally relevant structural change

Structural change as environmental relief

Environmentally relevant structural change: Empirical analysis

Typology of environmentally relevant structural change

Specific conclusions

General conclusions

4. Industrial restructuring in developing countries: The case of India

(introduction...)

Industrial metabolism and sustainable development

Industry and sustainable development

Resource utilization

Energy efficiency: An overview

Energy use in Indian industry: A case-study

Conclusions

References

5. Evolution, sustainability, and industrial metabolism

(introduction...)

Introduction

Technical progress and reductionism

The mechanical paradigm

The evolution of ecological structure

Discussion

Part 2: Case-studies

6. Industrial metabolism at the national level: A case-study on chromium and lead pollution in Sweden, 1880-1980

(introduction...)

Introduction

The use of chromium and lead in Sweden

Calculation of emissions

The development of emissions over time

The emerging immission landscape

Conclusions

References

7. Industrial metabolism at the regional level: The Rhine Basin

(introduction...)

Introduction

Geographic features of the Rhine basin

Methodology

The example of cadmium

Conclusions

References

8. Industrial metabolism at the regional and local level: A case-study on a Swiss region

(introduction...)

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Conclusions

References

9. A historical reconstruction of carbon monoxide and methane emissions in the United States, 1880-1980

(introduction...)

Introduction

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Methane (CH4)

References

10. Sulphur and nitrogen emission trends for the United States: An application of the materials flow approach

(introduction...)

Introduction

Sulphur emissions

Nitrogen oxides emissions

Conclusion

References

11. Consumptive uses and losses of toxic heavy metals in the United States, 1880-1980

(introduction...)

Introduction

Production-related heavy metal emissions

Emissions coefficients for production

Consumption-related heavy metal emissions

Emissions coefficient for consumption

Historical usage patterns

Conclusions

References

Appendix

Part 3: Further implications

12. The precaution principle in environmental management

(introduction...)

Introduction

Precaution and "industrial metabolism"

Precaution: A case-study

History of the precaution principle

The precaution principle in international agreements

Precaution on the European stage

Precaution as a science-politics game

Precaution on the global stage

References

13. Transfer of clean(er) technologies to developing countries

(introduction...)

Introduction

Sustainable development

Environmentally sound technology, clean(er) technology

Industrial metabolism

Knowledge and technology transfer

Endogenous capacity

Crucial elements of endogenous capacity-building

International cooperation for clean(er) technologies

Conclusions

Two case-studies

References

Bibliography

14. A plethora of paradigms: Outlining an information system on physical exchanges between the economy and nature

(introduction...)

Introduction

Distinguishing between "harmful" and "harmless" characteristics of socio-economic metabolism with its natural environment

Outline of an information system for the metabolism of the socio-economic system with its natural environment

An empirical example for ESIs: Material balances and intensities for the Austrian economy

Purposive interventions into life processes (PILs)

Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Contributors

Contributors

Peter M. Allen, B.Sc., Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics. Director of the International Ecotechnology Research Centre, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Bedford, United Kingdom.

Stefan Anderberg, B.Sc. in Human Geography. Research Scholar, Project on Sources of Chemical Pollution in the Rhine Basin, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Leslie W. Ayres, B.A., Bennington College. Computer Consultant, Fontainebleau, France.

Robert U. Ayres, B.Sc., B.A., M.A., Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics. Sandoz Professor of Environmental Management, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.

Peter Baccini, Dr. sc. nat., Professor and Head of the Department of Waste Management and Metabolism at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Bo Bergbäck, Ph.D. in Environmental Studies. Researcher and Lecturer, University College of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.

Paul H. Brunner, Dr. sc. nat., Chemistry, Environmental Engineering and Waste Management/Materials Management. Professor of Waste Management, Technical University, Vienna, Austria.

Mala Damodaran, M.A. in Business Economics. Research Associate at the Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Himra, Dang, M.E. in Engineering Management. At present doing consultancy work as an environmental scientist, New Delhi, India.

Hans Daxbeck, Mag. soc. oec. publ. Fellow of the Department of Waste Management and Metabolism at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Ph.D. in Sociology. Assistant Professor, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Continuing Education, Vienna, Austria.

Helmut Haberl, M.Sc. in Biology and Mathematics. Head of the Department of Energy at the Ecology Institute, Vienna, Austria.

Rudolf B. Husar, Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering. Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Center for Air Pollution Impact and Trend Analysis, Washington University, St. Louis, United States.

Ulrik Lohm, M.A., Ph.D. in Entomology. Head of the Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Rüdiger Olbrich. Student of Environmental Engineering at the Technical University of Berlin, Assistant at the Science Center Berlin, Germany.

Timothy O'Riordan. Professor of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia; Associate Director, Centre for Social and Economic Research into Global Environment, University of East Anglia and University College, London, United Kingdom.

Rajendra K. Pachauri, Ph.D. in Economics and Industrial Engineering. Director of the Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Harald Payer, M.A. in Economics. Institute for Interdisciplinary Research and Continuing Education, and Department of Social Ecology at the Ecology Institute, Vienna, Austria.

Udo E. Simonis, M.A., Ph.D. in Economics. Professor of Environmental Policy at the Science Center Berlin, and Member of the German Council on Global Environmental Change, Berlin, Germany.

William M. Stigliani, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. in Chemistry. Senior Research Fellow, Leader of the Project on Sources of Chemical Pollution in the Rhine Basin, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Joel A. Tarr, B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D. in History. Professor of Urban Studies at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, United States.

Sergio C. Trindade, M.Sc., Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering. President of SE2T International Ltd., an energy, environmental, and technology consultancy, Scarsdale, United States.