Water Supply: Water Supply, Wastewater, Irrigation - Initial Environmental Assessment Series No. 7 (NORAD, 1994): Foreword

Water Supply: Water Supply, Wastewater, Irrigation - Initial Environmental Assessment Series No. 7 (NORAD, 1994)

(introduction...)

Foreword

Introduction

Part I: General account

1 Characteristics of projects within water supply, wastewater-management and irrigation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Management of water resources

1.3 Project types within water supply, wastewater management, sanitation and irrigation

2 The environment affected by the project

2.1 The hydrological cycle

2.2 Characteristics of soil types, climate and various water resources

2.3 Socio-cultural conditions

3 Possible environ mental impacts

(introduction...)

3.1 Excessive exploitation of the water resources

3.2 Pollution problems

3.3 Water-related health problems

3.4 Erosion

3.5 Specific impacts of regulation and construction of dams

3.6 Specific impacts of irrigation

3.7 Impacts for ecosystems, natural- and cultural landscapes and cultural relics

3.8 User conflicts and other impacts for the community

4 Relevant literature

Part II: Documentation requirements for initial environmental assessment

1 Project description

2 Description of the environment

3 Checklist

Will the project

Foreword

The natural resource base in our world today is exposed to constantly increasing pressures. Environmental problems are on the increase in developing countries as well as in developed countries. In developing countries, ecological stress strikes large and vulnerable population groups, and hinders social and economic development in many areas.

In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development, in their report "Our Common Future", described the problems we are facing, and the measures which must be taken to solve them.

Environmental problems in the developing countries makes demand on Norwegian development aid. Four Norwegian White Paper Nos. 36 (1985-85),34 (1986-87) and 51 (1991-92) on major questions concerning Norwegian aid to developing countries, and No. 46 (1988-89) on Norway's follow-up of the recommendations of the World Commission, have stressed the importance of taking environmental issues into account in Norwegian assisted development aid projects. In 1990 this was further articulated in the NORAD strategy paper "NORAD in the nineties". In the NORAD strategy document Part II "Strategies for bilateral aid" (1992) it is determined that all ongoing and planned development aid projects must be assessed with regard to environmental impacts.

This booklet has been compiled to help NORAD desk officers and planners to integrate environmental considerations into projects within water supply, wastewater management, and irrigation at an early stage in the planning process. It is one of a series of booklets presenting guidelines for environmental impact assessment (EIA) of various types of development projects. Experience and ideas from corresponding material compiled by other countries (OECD, the World Bank) have been integrated in this EIA-system.