 | Animal traction |
 |  | About this manual |
| | About the author |
| | Acknowledgments |
|  | 1. Introduction |
| | What is animal traction? |
| | History of animal traction |
| | Why use animal traction? |
| | Some considerations |
| | How can animal traction be used? |
| | Before beginning: what do you need to know? |
| | 2. Draft animal selection |
| | Popular draft animals |
| | Determining power requirements |
| | General rules concerning power requirements |
| | Method for determining size of the hitch |
| | Determining weights of animals |
| | Selection of individual draft animals |
| | Conformation |
| | Temperament |
| | 3. Animal husbandry |
| | Sheller |
| | Nutrition |
| | Grooming |
| | Minor medical problems and first aid |
| | 4. Training draft animals |
| | Before training begins |
| | General comments on training procedure |
| | Training cattle |
| | Program for training cattle |
| | Training horses, donkeys and mules |
| | Program for training horses, donkeys and mules |
| | 5. Yokes and harnesses |
| | Yokes and harnesses for cattle |
| | Yokes and harnesses for horses, donkeys and mules |
| | How to harness a horse, donkey or mule |
| | Steering systems |
| | Breeching harness |
| | 6. Hitches |
| | Safety rules |
| | Implement hitches |
| | Vehicle hitches |
| | 7. Field operations and implements |
| | 8. Economic and technical assistance |
| | Farm planning assistance |
| | Equipment options |
| | Credit for equipment |
| | Credit for animals |
| | Procedures and controls |
| | 9. Animal traction extension |
| | Extension education |
| | Appendix A: Animal power |
| | Appendix B: Animal nutrition |
| | Energy needs: bovine animals |
| | Energy needs: equine animals |
| | Nutrient needs of draft animals: protein, minerals, vitamins |
| | Feeds and feed composition |
| | Calculating a ration |
| | Recommended rations and feeding practices |
| | Appendix C: Disease recognition and control |
| | Parasites and parasitic disease |
| | Appendix D: Workshop and spare parts inventory |
| | Appendix E: Animal traction instruction forms |
| | Appendix F: Animal breeds used for power |
| | Bibliography |
| | Resources |
| | GIossary |
Appendix B: Animal nutrition
Several systems have been devised which make it possible to express the nutritional requirements of work animals and formulate diets based on corresponding nutrient and energy values of feeds. A simple and practical method used in many parts of Africa is based on a standard called the forage unit. A forage unit is defined as the net energy value of one kilogram of barley. It is the energy contained in the proteins, carbohydrates (starches), and fats which compose the barley and which the animal does not lose through elimination of feces, urine or gas, or in heat (work) produced by digestive organs. Net energy is defined as the energy available for maintenance of body functions-heartbeat, respiration, heat, motion. Energy intake above maintenance level is stored as fat or used for production or work. The abbreviation U.F. (Unite Fourragère) designates one (1) forage unit.
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