 | Aids resource manual - A guide for teaching about AIDS in Thailand |
 |
|
Section V AIDS vocabulary
Words have Power
• When speaking about AIDA or People with AIDS, it is important to use not only the most accurate terms but also those which are sensitive to people's need for acceptance any understanding.
• The following Guides and Vocabulary List were prepared to promote correct language in addressing sin the sensitivities of this social disease. Because some terms used in Thailand may differ from those used in other countries, a Thai-Specific Style Guide is included.
Guide # 1: HIV/ AIDS Style Guide
|
TERMS TO AVOID |
WHY? |
USE INSTEAD |
|
1. Aids |
First, because the word already means many things. Second, because it is an acronym and using capital letters helps to remind readers. |
AIDS |
|
2. AIDS virus |
Often used as a shorthand term, this can easily cause confusion between HIV and AIDS unless used with caution. (See Thai Style Guide for exception.) |
HIV |
|
3. Carrying AIDS AIDS Carrier AIDS Positive |
This confuses the two distinct phases of being infected with HIV and having AIDS. People can have AIDS, but they can not carry it. |
HIV positive/People with HIV |
|
4. AlDS test |
The most commonly used test detects antibodies to HIV. There is also an antigen test, which detects the presence of the virus itself. This is not widely used. |
HIV antibody test |
|
5. Catching AIDS (i.e., becoming infected with HIV) |
It is not possible to catch AIDS. It is possible to catch HIV, but even this is misleading as it suggests transmission is similar to colds or flu. |
Contract HIV/Become HIV positive |
|
6. Catch AIDS |
As in #5 |
Develop AIDS |
|
7. AIDS sufferer |
Having AIDS does not mean being ill all the time. Someone with AIDS can continue to work and live a normal life for some time after diagnosis. Suffering is therefore not appropriate. |
Person with AIDS (PWA) |
|
8. AIDS victim |
Suggests helplessness, which is no longer appropriate. |
Person with AIDS/ Person who has AIDS |
|
9. Innocent victim |
Suggests anyone else with AIDS is guilty. |
PWA / Person who has AIDS |
|
10. High risk group |
It is now clear that there is risk behavior, not high risk groups. The fact of being classified as a member of any particular group does not put anyone at greater risk, but what he or she does, regardless of groups, may. |
High risk behavior |
|
11. Full blown AIDS |
When the correct distinction between HIV and AIDS is always made, there is no need to use the term "full blown". |
AIDS |
|
USE WITH CARE |
|
|
1. Promiscuous |
Implies a moral overtone which may be inappropriate; also very imprecise. |
|
2. Prostitute |
Attaches a negative stigma which may prevent appropriate care. |
|
3. AIDS patient |
Only appropriate when someone is ill. Care is needed to distinguish this from HIV infection, when "patient" is not appropriate. |
|
4. Catastrophe Disaster |
There are still very few parts of the world where this is an accurate description. |
|
5. Plague |
Plague suggests a contagious disease, which AIDS is not. Epidemic is a better description. |
Source: National Union of Journalists, London, and the UK NGO Consortium
Guide # 2: HIV/ AIDS Style Guide - Thai Specific
The words listed under the heading "English" are from the "Use Instead" column on Style Guide # 1 (i.e., the politically correct terms to be used). The comment section of this guide is to explain difficulties in the translation from English to Thai. Some terms are used incorrectly in Thailand, however, for simplicity, the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) chooses not to correct them.
|
ENGLISH |
DIRECT TRANSLATION |
COMMENTS |
|
1. AIDS |
AIDS disease |
|
|
2. HIV |
AIDS virus |
This term is not totally correct. The MOPH has adopted the use of an incorrect translation for simplicity. In many areas of the world HIV is referred to as the "AIDS virus". |
|
3. HIV positive, People with HIS |
Person who has the AIDS virus |
It is important to distinguish between people who are HIV positive (people with the AIDS virus) and people with AIDS. Most Thais will say those who are HIV positive already have AIDS.* |
|
4. HIV antibody test |
Check blood for the AIDS virus |
Most Thais will incorrectly say they are checking for AIDS. The MOPH has adopted "checking blood or saliva for the AIDS virus." |
|
5. Contract HIV |
Get the AIDS virus /Positive blood for AIDS |
As in #3 |
|
6. Develop AIDS |
Have AIDS |
|
|
7. Person with AIDS (PWA) |
Person with AIDS /AIDS patient |
|
|
8. PWA |
||
|
9. PWA |
||
|
10. High risk behavior |
High risk behavior |
Often, incorrectly, high risk groups are still classified in Thailand. ** |
|
11 AIDS |
AIDS first, second and third stages |
Thailand is using the two stage classification of HIV and AIDS. |
* Most People with HIV will incorrectly be called a Person with AIDS (see Vocabulary List for pronounciation). It is very important to remind people of the difference.
** The term "high risk group" is no longer appropriate (see Style Guide). When referring to health education for a specific audience, the term "target group" is preferred over "high risk group."
AIDS Related Vocabulary List
Code:
(TS) = Tap sap (i.e., the same word is used in Thai and English)
* = see explanation at end of section
# = see Style Guide
@ = brand name in Thailand
Phonetic key to vowels:
ae - as in "bat"
ai - as in "I"
aw - as in "law"
ee - as in 'bee"
oe - as in "Boeing"
oo - as in "moon"
ow - as in "cow"
|
ENGLISH |
PHONETIC |
|
General |
ROKE-AID |
|
AIDS (TS) |
ROKE POOM KOOM GAN |
|
Acquired immune |
BOHG PRONG |
|
Deficiency Syndrome |
POO BEN AID, POO PUEY ROK AIDS |
|
Person with AIDS |
POO DIT CHUA-AID |
|
Person with HIV # |
CHUA-WAI-RUS ROKE AID |
|
HIV (TS) # |
MEE AGAHN SAM PAN GAHB AID |
|
ARC (TS) |
RE-BOPE POOM KOOM GAHN |
|
immune system |
MED LUE-ED KOW |
|
white blood cell |
POOM DOHN TAHN |
|
antibody |
CHUAVI-RUS |
|
virus |
GAHN RE-BAHT |
|
epidemic |
OO BAHD-EE GAHN |
|
incidence |
SA TAHN A-GAHN |
|
situation |
BOW MAI |
|
goal |
ROENG PAI-YA-BAHN |
|
hospital |
CLINIC |
|
clinic (TS) |
GAHN BONG GAHN BAB |
|
universal precautions |
KRAWP JAHK-A-WAN |
|
Prevention |
GAHN BONG GAHN |
|
protection |
GAHN BONG GAHN |
|
abstinence |
MAI MEE PET SAM PAN |
|
condom (TS) |
TOONG YAHNG ANA-MAI |
|
K:Y, JL, or |
K Y, J L, X Y YELLEE |
|
XY Jelly (TS) @ |
|
|
lubricant |
SAN LAW LUE-EN |
|
mutually faithful partner |
RAHK DIEOW JAI DIEOW |
|
safer sex (TS) |
PET SAHM PAN TEE BLAWD PAIGWA |
|
spermicide |
YA KAH TUA AR-SU-CHI |
|
virgin (female) |
POO YING BUREE-SOOT |
|
virgin (male) |
POO CHAI BUREE-SOOT |
|
Transmission/ Non-transmission (see sentences at the end also) |
|
|
to transmit |
GAHN DIT DAW |
|
risk behavior |
BITEEGAHM SIENG |
|
high risk group |
GLOOM PRA-CHA-KORN THEE MEE |
|
PRUTE- TI -KAM SIENG SOONG |
|
|
target group |
GLOOM BOW MAI |
|
bisexual (TS) |
RAHK SONG PET |
|
Commercial Sex |
CHAI REU YING |
|
Worker (CSW)* |
BUREEGAHN TAHNG PET |
|
client of CSW |
KAEK MA TEEO |
|
CHAI CHOB TEE-O |
|
|
POO MA CHAI BUREEGAHN |
|
|
TAHNG PET |
|
|
farmers |
GASSET DE GAWN |
|
fishermen |
CHOW BRA-MONG |
|
hemophiliac (TS) |
ROKE LEU-ED |
|
heterosexual |
RAHK DANG PET |
|
homosexual (TS) |
RAHK RUAM PET/GAY |
|
housewives |
MAE BAHN |
|
IV drug users |
POO DIT YA SEPT DIT |
|
laborers |
KONE NGAN |
|
pimp/brothel manager |
MAENG DA, POO-JAD-KAN SATAN |
|
BO-RI-KAN |
|
|
pregnant women |
YING MEE KLAWD, YING MEE TONG |
|
prisoners |
NAHK TOTE |
|
tribal people |
CHOW KOW |
|
sex industry establishment |
SATAHN BUREE-GAHN TANG PET |
|
brothel |
SONG |
|
coffeeshop (TS) |
COFFEE SHOP |
|
gay bar (TS) |
BAR GAY |
|
massage parlor |
SATAHN AB OB NOO-ED |
|
tea house (TS) |
ROANG-NAM-CHA |
|
promiscuity |
GAHN SAHM SOHN PET |
|
sexual relations |
PET SAHM PAHN |
|
sexual intercourse |
GAHN RUAM PET |
|
anal sex |
GAHN RUAM PET TAHNG TAWAHN, |
|
GAHN RUAM PET GOEN |
|
|
oral sex |
GAHN RUAM PET TAHNG BAHK |
|
vaginal sex |
GAHN RUAM PET TAHNG |
|
CHONG KLAWD |
|
|
fantacizing |
GAHN SAHNG JIN DA NA |
|
GAHN REU-ENG REUM PET |
|
|
masturbation |
CHUAY TUA AING |
|
SAM-RED KUAM-KRAI |
|
|
DUY TUA-AENG |
|
|
non-penetrative sex |
PET SAHM PAHN TEE MAI SAWD SAI |
|
kiss |
JOOB |
|
deep kissing |
JOOB BAB DOOT DUE-EN |
|
pregnancy |
GAHN DAHNG KLAWD, MEE TONG |
|
to shoot drugs |
CHIT YA SEPT DIT |
|
bleach |
NAM YA FAWG KOW |
|
HAITER |
|
|
needle |
KEM CHIT YA |
|
syringe |
GRA-BAWHK |
|
bodily fluids |
NAHM NAI RAHNG GAI |
|
blood |
LEU-ED |
|
breastmilk |
NAHM NOME MAE |
|
NAHM NOME MAHN-DA |
|
|
mucus |
NAHM MUE-EHK, |
|
NAHM MOOHK |
|
|
semen |
NAHM GAHM/NAHM CHUA |
|
saliva |
NAHM LAI |
|
tattoo |
ROI SAHK |
|
tears |
NAHM DA |
|
vaginal fluids |
NAHM NAI CHONG KLAWD |
|
STD |
GAMA ROKE |
|
chancroid |
PLAE RIM ON |
|
chlamydia (TS) |
CHLAMYDIA |
|
gonorrhoea |
NONG NAI |
|
herpes (TS) |
HERPES, REUM |
|
syphillis (TS) |
SYPHILLIS |
|
vaginitis |
CHONG KLAWD ACHT SEPT |
|
Symptoms |
A-GAHN |
|
none |
MAI MEE |
|
diarrhea |
TONG RUANG, TONG DEU-EN |
|
dry cough |
Al HAENG |
|
fever |
KAI |
|
night sweats |
NGEU-E OOG DOHN GLANG KEUN |
|
open sore |
PLAE |
|
swollen Iymph nodes |
DAWM NAHM LEUNG DOE |
|
thrush |
FA KOW NAI BAHK |
|
weight loss |
NAHM NAHK LOTE |
|
opportunistic diseases |
ROKE DIT CHUA CHOO-AYE O-GOT |
|
cancer |
MA-RANG |
|
pneumonia |
ROKE BAWD BOO-EM |
|
tuberculosis |
WAHN-A ROKE |
|
Treatment |
|
|
no cure |
RAHK-SA MAI DAI |
|
AZT (TS) |
YA DAN CHUA WAI-RUS |
|
CHA-NID NUENG |
|
|
DDI (TS) |
YA DAN CHUA WAI-RUS |
|
CHA-NID NUENG |
|
|
quarantine |
GAHN GAHK GAHN ROKE |
|
therapeutic community |
CHOOM CHON BAHM BAHT |
|
Testing |
|
|
counsellor (TS) |
POO Hl KAHM BRUEHK-SA |
|
counselling (TS) |
GAHN Hl KAHM BRUEHK-SA |
|
pretest (TS) |
PRE TEST, KON TRUDE |
|
post-test (TS) |
POST TEST, LUNG TRUDE |
|
no-test (TS) |
NO TEST, MAI MEE KAN TRUDE |
|
anonymous clinic |
CLINIC NEE LA NAHM |
|
to test blood |
DRUE-ED LEU-ED |
|
to reveal one's status |
BURD PUEYEE WA TID CHUA AIDS |
|
LUE MAI |
|
|
incubation period |
RAY YA FAHK DOO-WA |
|
window period (TS) |
RAY YA FAHK DOO-WA TEE YOUNG |
|
TRUDE MAI POBE |
|
|
patient |
POO BOO-AY |
|
diagnose |
GAHN WEE NIT CHAI |
|
Health Education |
SOOK-KA SUHK SA |
|
leaflet/pamphlet |
PAEN BLIEW, EGASAN NAE NAHM |
|
poster (TS) |
POS-DTER |
|
screen |
CHAHK |
|
slides (TS) |
S-LIDE |
|
sticker (TS) |
S-DIG-GER |
|
video (TS) |
WEE DEE O |
|
dildo |
A WAI-U-WA PET POO CHAI TEE-YEM HOON |
|
evaluation |
GAHN BRA-MERN PONE |
|
implementation |
GAHN BAHD DEE BAHT NGAHN |
|
planning |
GAHN RA-WAHG PAN |
|
policy |
NAI YO BAI |
|
research |
WEE JAI |
|
survey |
GAHN SAHM REU-ED |
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
in the body |
U NAI DOO-WA |
|
in the blood |
U NAI LEU-ED |
|
cold virus |
CHUE-A WHAT |
|
safe |
BLAWD PAI |
|
dangerous |
AHN DE RAI |
* The following words are considered to be rude or derogatory terms for female commercial sex workers:
YING ACHEEP PEE SET
SO PAY NEE
GA-LEE (very rude)
SENTENCES:
1. HIV is transmitted three ways.....
CHUA AID SA-MAHT DIT DAW DAI SAHM TAHNG.....
2. HIV is not transmitted by:
- CHUA AID MAI SA-MAHT DIT DAW DOI-E TANG or CHUA AID DIT DAW MAI DAI
|
- hugging |
GAWD GAHN |
|
- mosquito bite |
YOONG GAHT |
|
- shaking hands |
JAHB MEUR GAHN |
|
- sneezing |
JAHM |
|
- swimming pools |
SAHT WAI NAHM |
|
- telephones |
TOR LAH SAHP |
|
- wearing the same clothes |
CHAI SEUA-PA RUEM GAHN |
- eating with a Person with HIV/AIDS
GIN KOW DUA-GAN GAHB POO DIT CHUA/POO BEN AID
- attending the funeral of a person who died with AIDS
GAHN BAI GNAHN SOPE KONG POO DAI TEE BEN AID
3. Always use a condom when you have sex
CHAI TUNG YAHNG ANAMAI TOOHK KRAHNG TEE MEE PET SAHMPAHN
4. Do not reject people with HIV
YA RAHNG-GEEYET POO TEE DIT CHUA AID
|
|