Selected references

Nitrogen Fixing Trees for Fodder Production

Little, E.L. and F. H. Wadsworth. 1989. Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agricultural Handbook no. 249. Washington DC, USA: USDA Forest Service. 556 p.

National Taiwan University.1965. The leguminosae of Taiwan for pasture and soil improvement. Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China: National Taiwan University.

Fodder Tree Establishment

Castellano, M.A. and R. Molina. 1989. Mycorrhizae. In: T.D. Landis, R.W. Tinus, S.E. McDonald, and J.P. Barnett, eds. The container tree nursery manual, Volume 5. Washington DC, USA: USDA Forest Service, pp 101-167.

Ferguson, J.J. and S.H. Woodland. 1982. Production of endomycorrhizal inoculum: A. Increase and maintenance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In: N.C. Schenck, ed. Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: American Phytopathological Society, pp 47-54.

Keyser, H. 1990. Inoculating tree legume seed and seedlings with rhizobia. Paia, Hawaii, USA: Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Agricultural Legumes (NifTAL) Center, 2 pp.

Liegel, L.H. and C.R. Venator. 1987. A technical guide for forest nursery management in the Caribbean and Latin America. General Technical Report SO-67. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA: USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 156 pp.

Macklin, B., N. Glover, J. Chamberlain, and M. Treacy. 1989. NFTA Cooperative Planting Program establishment guide. Morrilton, Arkansas, USA: Forest, Farm and Community Tree Network (FACT Net), Winrock International, 36 pp.

Malajczuk, N., N. Jones, and C. Neely. Undated. The importance of mycorrhiza to forest trees. Land Resources Series - No. 2. Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank, Asia Technical Department, 10 pp.

Postgate, J.R. 1987. Nitrogen fixation, second edition. The Institute of Biology's studies in biology . London, UK: Edward Arnold LTD, 73 pp.

Shelton, H.M. 1994. Establishment of forage tree legumes. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 139 pp.

Somasegaran, P and H.J. Hoben. 1985. Methods in legume-rhizobium technology. Paia, Hawaii, USA: Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Agricultural Legumes (NifTAL) Center, 367 pp.

Fodder Production Systems

D'Mello, J.P.F. and C. Devendra, eds. 1995. Tropical legumes in animal nutrition.Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 338 pp.

Gutteridge, R.C. and H.M. Shelton, eds. 1994. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 389 pp.

IIRR. 1992. Intensive feed garden. In: Agroforestry Technology Information Kit (ATIK); No. 4 Livestock and poultry production. Silang, Cavite, PHILIPPINES: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR), pp 10-25.

Le HouŠrou, H.N., ed. 1980. Browse in Africa: the current state of knowledge. Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA: International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), 491 pp.

Paterson, R.T., G.A. Proverbs and J.M. Keoghan. 1987. The management and use of forage banks. Bridgetown, BARBADOS: Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), 21 pp.

Shelton, H.M. and W.A. St,r, eds. 1991. Forages for plantation crops. ACIAR Proceedings No. 32. Canberra, AUSTRALIA: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 168 pp.

Selecting Species of Nitrogen Fixing Fodder Trees

Briscoe, C.B. 1989. Field trials manual for multipurpose tree species. Multipurpose Tree Species Network Research Series; Manual No. 3. Bangkok, THAILAND: Winrock International, 163 pp.

Burley, J. And P.J. Wood. 1976. A manual on species and provenance research with particular reference to the tropics. Tropical Forestry Paper No. 10. Oxford, UK: Oxford Forestry Institute.

MacDicken, K.G., G.V. Wolf and C.B. Briscoe. 1991. Standard research methods for multipurpose trees and shrubs. Multipurpose Tree Species Network Research Series; Manual No. 5. Bangkok, THAILAND: Winrock International, 92 pp.

Macklin, B., N. Glover, J. Chamberlain, and M. Treacy. 1989. NFTA Cooperative Planting Program establishment guide. Morrilton, Arkansas, USA: Forest, Farm and Community Tree Network (FACT Net), Winrock International, 36 pp.

Roshetko, J. 1994. Fodder bank establishment and management. Agroforestry for the Pacific Technologies, Fact-sheet 8. Morrilton, Arkansas, USA: Forest, Farm and Community Tree Network (FACT Net), Winrock International, 4 pp.

Webb, D.B., P.J. Wood and J. Smith. 1980. A guide to species selection tropical and subtropical plantations. Tropical Forestry Paper No. 15. Oxford, UK: Oxford Forestry Institute.

Nutritive Value and Animal Production from Fodder Production

Ahn, J.H. 1990. Quality assessment of tropical browse legumes: tannin content and nitrogen degradability. PhD Thesis, The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA.

Ahn, J.H., B.M. Robertson, R. Elliott, R.C. Gutteridge, and C.W. Ford. 1989. Quality assessment of tropical browse legumes: tannin content and protein degradation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 27:47-156.

Ash, A.J. 1990. The effect of supplementation with leaves from the leguminous trees Sesbania grandiflora, Albizia chinensis and Gliricidia septum on the intake and digestibility of Guinea grass hay by goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology 28:225-232.

Bamualim, A., R.J. Jones, and R.M. Murray. 1980. Nutritive value of tropical browse legumes in the dry season. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 13:229232.

Borens, F.M.P. and D.P. Poppi.1990. The nutritive value for ruminants of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis), a leguminous tree. Animal Feed Science and Technology 28:275292.

Brewbaker, J.L. 1986. Leguminous trees and shrubs for Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. In: G.J. Blair, D.A. Ivory, and T.R. Evans, eds. Forages in Southeast Asian and South Pacific agriculture. ACIAR Proceedings No. 12. Canberra, AUSTRALIA: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), pp 43-50.

Carew, B.A.R. 1983. Gliricidia septum as a sole feed for small ruminants. Tropical Grasslands 17:181-184.

Chadhokar, P.A. 1982. Gliricidia maculata: a promising legume fodder plant. World Animal Review 44:36-43.

Devendra, C. 1995. Composition and nutritive value of browse legumes. In: J.P.F. D'Mello, and C. Devendra, eds. Tropical legumes in animal nutrition.. Wallington, UK: CAB International, pp 49-66.

Gohl, B. 1981. Tropical feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Series No. 12. Rome, ITALY: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 529 pp.

Jones, D.I.H. and A.D. Wilson. 1987. Nutritive quality of forage. In: J.B. Hacker and J.H. Ternouth, eds. The nutrition of herbivores. Sydney, AUSTRALIA: Academic Press, pp 65-90.

Lamprey, H.F., D.J. Herlocker and C.R. Field. 1980. Report on the state of knowledge on browse in east Africa in 1980. In: H. N. Le HouÔrou, ed. Browse in Africa. Addis Abab, ETHIOPIA: International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), pp 33-54.

Le HouŠrou, H.N. 1980. Chemical composition and nutritive value of browse in West Africa. In: H. N. Le HouŠrou, ed. Browse in Africa. Addis Abab, ETHIOPIA: International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), pp 261-290.

Lowry, B.J. 1989. Agronomy and forage quality of Albizia lebbeck in the semi-arid tropics. Tropical Grasslands 23:84-91.

McMeniman, N.P. 1976. Studies on the supplementary feeding of sheep consuming mulga (Acacia aneura) 3. The provision of phosphorus, molasses and urea supplements under pen conditions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 16:818-822.

Norton, B.W. 1994a. The nutritive value of tree legumes. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. 1994. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp 177-191.

Norton, B.W. 1994b. Anti-nutritive and toxic factors in forage tree legumes. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. 1994. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp 202-215.

Norton, B.W., W. Rohan-Jones, F. Ball, R.A. Leng and R.M. Murray. 1972. Nitrogen metabolism and digestibility studies with Merino sheep given kurrajong (Brachychiton populneum), mulga (Acacia aneura) and native grass (Iseilema spp.). Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 9:346-351.

Norton, B.W., F.K. Kamau and R. Rosevear.1992. The nutritive value of some tree legumes as supplements and sole feeds for goats. In: C. Reodecha, S. Sangid, and P. Bunyavetchewin, eds. Recent advances in animal production, Proceedings of the Sixth AAAP Animal Science Congress, 23-28 November 1992. Sukothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand, Volume III, p151.

Robertson, B.M.1988. The nutritive value of five browse legumes fed as supplements to goats offered a basal rice straw diet. MS Thesis, The University of Queensland, AUSTRALIA.

Singh, C., P. Kumar, and A. Rekib. 1980. Note on some aspects of the feeding value of Sesbania aegyptica fodder in goats. Indian Journal of Animal Science 50:1017-1020.

Skerman, P.J., D.J. Cameron and F. Riveros. 1988. Tropical forage legumes, 2nd edition, FAO Plant Production and Protection Series, No. 2, Rome, ITALY: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 692 pp.

Soedomo, R., P.M. Ginting, and G.J. Blair.1986. Non-leguminous trees and shrubs as forage for ruminants. In: G.J. Blair, D.A. Ivory, and T.R. Evans, eds. Forages in Southeast Asian and South Pacific agriculture. ACIAR Proceedings No. 12. Canberra, AUSTRALIA: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), pp 51-54.

Van Eys, I.E., W.I. Mathius, P. Pongsapan, and W.L. Johnson.1986. Foliage of the tree legumes gliricidia, leucaena, and sesbania as a supplement to napier grass diets for growing goats. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 107: 227-233.

Problems and Constraints of Trees as Fodder Resources

Boa, E.R. and J.M. Lenn'e. 1994. Diseases of nitrogen fixing trees in developing countries: an annotated list. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute (NRI), 82 pp.

Bray, R.A. 1994. The leucaena psyllid. p 283-291. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. 1994. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingfrod, UK: CAB International, 389 pp.

Geiger, C.A., B. Napompeth, and R. Van Den Beldt. 1995. An update on the status of the leucaena psyllid in Southeast Asia. p 125-128. In: H.M. Shelton, C.M. Piggin and J.L. Brewbaker, eds. Leucaena - opportunities and limitations. ACIAR Proceedings No. 57. Canberra, AUSTRALIA: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 241 pp.

Gutteridge, R.C. and H.M. Shelton, eds. 1994. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 389 pp.

Lenn‚, J.M. and E.R. Boa.1994. Diseases of tree legumes. p 292-308. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 389 pp.

Lenn‚, J.M. 1992. Diseases of multi-purpose woody legumes in the tropics: a review. Nitrogen Fixing Tree Research Reports 10:13-29.

Walter, G.H. and W.H. Parry. 1994. Insect pests and forage tree legumes: biology and nonchemical control. In: R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, eds. Forage tree legumes in tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 389 pp.

Werner, J. 1993. Participatory development of agricultural innovations- procedures and methods of on-farm research. Eschborn, GERMANY: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ).